Impact of Byod (Bring Your Own Device)

Impact of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) on Enterprise Mobility: What is Enterprise Mobility? Definition: To put in simple words Enterprise Mobility (EM) is the technology that enables organizations to allow its employees to access the Enterprise data (such as company reports and presentations) and enterprise applications (such as CRM, SFA, emails, calendar, project management etc. via mobile phones or tablets from anywhere at any time. Giving them more flexibility at work, it allows employees to download company real time data, access and updates enterprise applications, participates in virtual meetings and teleconferences from anywhere, any time. End result of which is increased productivity of work force for the company and better service output for the customer. Rational for EM adoption and benefits?The growing number of mobile user base, availability of sophisticated smart phones, improved telecommunication infrastructure and fast adoption of mobile technology by employees/consume rs [35% of the employees globally are estimated to be mobile by 2013 (Satagopan and Mathai 2011)] all these factors together are setting up a stage for growth in EM adaption in near future [â€Å"EM market is expected to grow from  $67. 21 billion  in 2011 to$181. 9 Billion  by 2017 with a CAGR of 15. 17%† (MarketsandMarkets 2012)]. The CoIT (consumerzation on IT) has opened the door to the possibility of using the consumer mobile technology for enterprise purpose and the benefits of EM to an organization are tremendous. The most important benefits of effective EM strategy to any organization are; * Fast information flow: The EM can facilitate supersonic flow of the information within the organization.It can open various communication channels that can facilitate fast flow of information between the employs and between various departments of the company empowering the decision making process within the organization. Ability to share a real time data/ information with em ployees and fast decision making process can mean more efficient service output and opportunity to provide best customer care in the industry. Flexibility and comfort: The successful implementation of EM strategy will also provide work flexibility and comfort to the employees; resulting in the better work culture that companies can further promote to acquire and retain the best talent in the industry. In nut shell the EM strategy is win-win situation for both the employees and the organization. The successful EM strategy implementation holds a key for an organization to achieve the competitive advantage over its competitors and to become proactive to the environmental change.Barrier to the successful EM adoption: The cost associated with the corporate use licenses, purchase and maintenance of mobile devices is the biggest barriers for successful EM adoption. Depending up on the size and the number of employees of the company the cost of purchase and maintenance of the mobile devices could vary form an organization to organization, however it still could be a significant amount for a management of any organization to not to decide to walk on EM path.Could BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) be the solution to overcome the Barrier to EM adoption? What is BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)? Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is trend where people who love there I phone, I pad or other smart devices wants to bring them to work for various reasons And the enterprises allow (with Caveat) the use of such personal devices at work.The reasons why people want to bring/use their devices at work may include (but not limited to): * Comfort: Rather than learning to operate new device (provided by employer) employees feel it’s easier and comfortable for them to use their own devices at work [53% of the employees use their mobile devices for work (Gillett F and et al. 2012)]. * Changing work pattern and work schedule: work places are becoming more and more competitive.Cut throat competit ion at work means no excusive (even if they are genuine) and working out of hours, on weekends and from home which would require use of both company and personal devices such as home pc. * Social media sharing and Constant desire to be connected with friends: no one has survived the social media wave and almost every one (just a figurative statement) today has profile on some social media site and want constantly to be in touch with friends and relatives [68% employees and 71% prospective employees want to access social media at work (CISCO 2011)]. Multitasking: The trend of multitasking has picked up in a recent few years. To make the work environment more attractive and friendly the work restrictions are becoming weak and activities such as listening to music, messenger chat, online gaming are the common activities that employees want to do alongside their duties. * Brand loyalty: more and more consumers are becoming brand loyal and would not typically like to work on a device man ufactured by other company [apple received 2 million orders in the first 24 hours of the new phone launch. Times of India 2012)]. Allowing employees to bring and use their personal devices at work provides number of benefits to the company (some are discussed below). However along with the benefits BYOD often brings enterprise data security concerns. This skepticism about data security and some of the other fall back of the BYOD concept (discussed below in the report) are the reasons why despite the tremendous benefits BYOD can bring to the organization the company managements are very cautious about the BYOD model and not fully convinced to adopt/accept it.Incentive for an organization for adopting BYOD policy: In addition to the benefits of EM strategy that we have discussed earlier in this article, the most important incentive/benefit the BYOD model can provide to a company is the significant cost saving. As the devices used by the employees are owned by themselves the cost of pu rchase, insurance, maintenance, upgrade and ongoing support are paid by employees. That can save the huge cost which otherwise the company would have to bear.The other significant benefit to the company is the IT work force can focus more on supporting the IT requirements of the organization rather than purchasing and implementing the devices (Information service group 2012). Down falls of BYOD The most important downfall of the BYOD model is data security concern. In the event of the device loss the enterprise sensitive data can get exposed if the device falls in to wrong hand. Though the companies can wipe any such data from the device using remote wipe or lock down the device still such incidence (which are very common to occur) can expose the organization to the significant amount of risk.The other down fall of the model is as the employer has no choice on the make or the company/brand of device that an employee can bring to work. The IT department will have to support the devic es simultaneously which are running of various platforms such as iOS and Android and that could be daunting task for IT personnel. The most important argument that advocates the use of BYOD model is that it can save huge cost of buying and maintaining the device however the stipend or reimbursement towards the service plan used by the employees can increase the company cost in many folds than the coast of acquiring and maintaining the devices.Conclusion: In nut shell, the EM and BYOD concept are evolving concepts. Though the environmental factors and market trends suggest that the EM and BYOD will shape the future of the businesses and will change the way business operate today. It would not be wrong to predict that these concepts will take their fair share of time to evolve as mature concepts before business can accept them with eyes shut. References: 1. CISCO 2011, The Cisco Connected World Technology Report, Cisco Company. 2. CISCO 2011, The New Work Place Currency Report, Cisco Company. 3.Gillett, F, Mines,C Warner,J, Bartels,A, Schadler,T Yates,S, Sehgal,V, Huynh,S, Yamnitsky, M 2012 Forrester reserch 2012, NFO WORKERS WILL ERASE THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ENTERPRISE AND CONSUMER TECHNOLOGIES – A BT Futures Report,Forrester reserch. 4. Information service group 2012 Bring Your Own Device [PowerPoint slides]. Reterived fromhttp://www. slideshare. net/slideshow/embed_code/14265374? rel=0 5. MarketsandMarkets 2012, Bring-your-own-device (BYOD), Consumerimization of IT (Co-IT) and Enterprise Mobility Market – Global Advancements, Business Models, Market Forecasts & Analysis (2012 – 2017), MarketsandMarkets Company Pune. . Satagopan, M and Mathai,P 2011, Ringing in change, Facts of mobile technology adoption in manufacturing, Wipro Councile for research. 7. Times of India 2012, iPhone 5: Apple pushes delivery time to October Sep. 12 2012 Times of India Bibliography : 1. Bridge soft inc 2011, What is Enterprise Mobility? Bridge soft inc, 19/09/20 12, http://www. brigadesoft. com/what-is-enterprise-mobility 2. Darragh Delaney 2012 Implementing a BYOD policy on your network, Computer World, 19/08/2012 http://blogs. computerworld. com/20227/implementing_a_byod_policy_on_your_network 3.Das K, 2012, Bring your own device bugs IT companies despite ban, The Times of India Indore, 9/09/2012 http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2012-06-17/indore/32281223_1_device-personal-laptops-security-concerns 4. Malcom Harkins 2011 BYOD: Manage the Risks Intel's CISO on How to Reap the Benefits of Mobility, Govinfo Secutiry 19/09/2012 http://www. library. uq. edu. au/training/citation/harvard_6. pdf 5. Phil Johnson 2012 BYOD from the employee's POV BYOD for the employee has lots of benefits – and drawback, IT world 19/09/2012 http://www. tworld. com/it-consumerization/291968/byod-employees-pov 6. PHILIPPE WINTHROP 2012, CONFUSED ABOUT BYOD? IT’S NOT YOUR FAULT, the Enterprise Mobility Foundation, Inc, 19/09/2012, http://t heemf. org/2012/03/30/confused-about-byod-its-not-your-fault/ 7. PHILIPPE WINTHROP 2012, COULD THERE BE A BETTER WAY TO COPE WITH BYOD IN THE ENTERPRISE? , The Enterprise Mobility Foundation, Inc, 19/09/2012,http://theemf. org/2012/02/13/could-there-be-a-better-way-to-cope-with-byod-in-the-enterprise/ 8.PHILIPPE WINTHROP 2012, UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOBILE DEVICE MANAGEMENT AND MOBILITY MANAGEMENT, the Enterprise Mobility Foundation, Inc, 19/09/2012, http://theemf. org/2012/02/23/understanding-the-difference-between-mobile-device-management-and-mobility-management/ 9. PHILIPPE WINTHROP 2012, UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CONSUMERIZATION OF IT AND BYOD, the Enterprise Mobility Foundation, Inc, 19/09/2012, http://theemf. org/2012/02/09/understanding-the-difference-between-the-consumerization-of-it-and-byod/ 10.Shashidahr J, 2012, Work shifts to ‘Bring your own device' culture, The Times of India, 9/09/2012 http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/business/in dia-business/Work-shifts-to-Bring-your-own-device-culture/articleshow/16444032. cms 11. Singh S, 2012, ‘Bring Your Own Device' is most radical shift in enterprise computing since the introduction of the PC: Gartner, The Economics Times, 9/09/2012 http://articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2012-08-28/news/33450634_1_byod-mobile-devices-enterprise-applications 12. Stefanie Mosca 2011 What is

Book Review: Every Day by David Levithan Essay

â€Å"I am a drifter, and as lonely as that can be, it is also remarkably freeing. I will never define myself in terms of anyone else. I will never feel the pressure of peers or the burden of parental expectation. I can view everyone as pieces of a whole, and focus on the whole, not the pieces. I have learned how to observe, far better than most people observe. I am not blinded by the past or motivated by the future. I focus on the present, because that’s where I am destined to live.†(pg.7) Every day, A wakes up in a new body: different race, different size, different gender†¦ A is not defined by any of these characteristics and tries to respect the host body as much as possible during the time spent in it. Then A, in the body of Justin, meets Rhiannon and everything changes. A feels a connection that has never happened before and A can’t let go of that feeling. From then on, each day as someone new, A and Rhiannon form a bond that gives a new meaning to love without restriction. David Levithan brilliantly brought real feelings into a imposable sounding book. A and Rhiannon have real chemistry; their love is not based on gender, race, or size. Every Day is the type of book that will stick with me and I’m thankful that David Levithan came up with such an ambitious concept. With his beautiful writing, I can only hope that it will open the eyes of people who may have a more restricted definition of what makes love true.

An Analysis of Araby in James Joyces Dubliners :: Joyce Dubliners Araby Essays

There are many statements in the story "Araby" that are both surprising and puzzling.   The statement that perhaps gives us the most insight into the narrator's thoughts and feelings is found at the end of the story.   "Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger. (32)"   By breaking this statement into small pieces and key words, we can see it as a summation of the story's major themes.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At this point in the story, many emotions are swirling about in the narrator's head.   His trip to the bazaar has been largely unsuccessful.   He was late arriving, was unable to find a gift for Mangan's sister, felt scorned by the merchants, and suddenly found himself in a dark room.   These surroundings left him feeling both derided, and with a sense that this eagerly anticipated trip had been in vain.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many other situations caused him to feel driven and derided by vanity.   His reflections of the "charitable" life of the priest who occupied the narrator's house before the narrator make us wonder if the priest led a life of vanity.   His early obsession with Mangan's sister now seems in vain.   "I had never spoken to her ... and yet her name was like a summons to my foolish blood. (4)"   He feels ashamed and ridiculed by his earlier inability to communicate with Mangan's sister.   He sees how distracted he was by his anticipation of the bazaar.   He recalls that he " had hardly any patience with the serious work of life. (12)"   The narrator is embarrassed by the time he had wasted, and the ease with which he became distracted.   The near total worthlessness of the bazaar at the time the narrator arrives is an extreme example of vanity.   Not only does the narrator feel ridiculed by the vanity involved in this situation, he also feels driven by it.   The simple conversation he carries on with Mangan's sister regarding the bazaar drives him to direct all his thoughts toward the glory that will be the bazaar.   A sort of irony can be found in the fact that something that he devoted all his "waking and sleeping thoughts"

Introduction to inllectual property Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to inllectual property - Coursework Example ments of the patent is that it contains a clear description of the invention, so that people skilled in the field of engineering may be allowed to apply it. By law the patent is issued in the name of its actual inventor. However a joint inventor is allowed to contribute and conceive some elements as mentioned in the claims. Any technician or any other individual who worked under the guidance of the inventor is not considered to be the joint inventor, unless or until they have made any individual contribution. Patents can also be used as a negotiating tools for the cross licensing agreements that may at times include certain trade secrets. Copyright is used to keep the publishers and other entities from using the each other books without making payments. The basic concept indicates the fact that some spark of originality and creativity must be present for the protection of copyright. The concept of copyright is based on the fact that only the expression of functions or ideas is protected not the idea itself. It is certain that the idea of spreadsheet cannot be copyrighted; however some particular screen choices can be. Copyright gives long term protection to the publisher in comparison to the patent. The term covers the whole life of the author plus 50 years more. Decompiling codes is often used for in order to discover the working of software products. The information gained in this case should be abstracted before it is even applied. The clean room technique is an approach used for insulating an idea rather than expressing it. However if some new work is created by the author with reference to his previous copyrighted material, then such material is classified as derivative work. This derivative work is not considered original but it is considered to be the part of the copyrighted material. Trademarks are considered to be the logos, regular patterns or the stylized patterns used by the businesses and entrepreneurs as a shorthand identity to represent their

Business Concept Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Concept - Term Paper Example As a result of an emerging need for real time transfer of money between people, Money-Air identifies a business opportunity. Consequently, it is developing a product that will use mobile phones as a medium of transferring money from one individual to the other (Schaeffer, 2008). Money-Air has given this problem solving product the name Instant-money. This product is geared towards covering all individuals with mobile phones. Consequently, the customer base is broad and has the potential to expand (Blackwell, 2008). As stated above, instant-money is a product that has its bases on information technology. Mobile phones are platforms that instant-money is used in order to effect its intentions. Therefore, instant-money has enjoyed a potentially big market for almost nearly all adults in the United States of America possess a mobile phone (Barrow & Barrow, 2012). The formulation of this product was intrigued by the need to transfer money between individuals with ease and faster. Instant-money is of importance especially when an individual in dire need of quick money from another person. Consequently, the product is based on real time processing. Therefore, customers make cash transfers in considerably very little time. That notwithstanding, instant-money has a greater competitive advantage as compared to its competitor. Competitors, use a rather time consuming way of transferring money (Blackwell, 2008). As a result, most people prefer products like instant-money since they are fast and can easy to use from whatever place. For every product to thrive in the market, target customers are supposed to identify with the product. Therefore, instant-money targets individuals with little money and depend on cash from others (Barrow & Barrow, 2012). Since there are a lot of emergency situations that need quick money, people prefer instant-money due

Advertising Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advertising Paper - Essay Example ommercial media advertising can bring out the unique taste and natural additives such as fruit nuts differentiating the product from other chocolate brands. Starbucks coffee is a branded product that can be differentiated through advertisements based on hidden differences. Starbucks coffee may look and taste the same as any other brand, but the unique preparation recipe of artificial sweeteners different. The combination of social media, internet, and out-of-home advertising can be used to inform the consumer on the unique recipe to achieve the hidden difference of Starbucks coffee. Wall Street Network Solution provides telecommunication services that can be differentiated through advertisements based on induced differences. Each telecommunication offers similar services, but Wall Street Network Solution has sponsored and helped financial institutions grow making it unique from similar service providers offering networking services. Advertising campaigns and special event sponsorships can be used to portray the induced differences in that the service is not only focused on only providing networking services to the financial community, but also provide support. Additionally, support provided by the service feature in most newspapers forming a part of advertising that indicate favorable publicity; hence, most consumers would choose the service given its uniqueness bringing about induced

Informal writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informal writing - Essay Example As a result of these claims, a basic human right has been violated and the freedom of smokers revoked. This is total injustice to smokers and those against smoking should show the much deserved respect for the greatest human addiction. There are rising cases of obesity in the United States due to consumption of foods with high calories levels such as chocolate cakes. However, rather than taking a stand against the sale of such foods in restaurants, policy makers are focused on banning smoking in public places forgetting that cigarettes have much lower calorie levels. Is this not direct oppression and violation of a basic human right? Did we not fight for freedom during the fight for independence? Research shows that smoking affects people around a smoking person through inhalation of the cigarette emissions. As such, smoking in public is deemed to be a violation of other people’s rights due to endangerment of their health. However, the effects of smoking on secondary users are seemingly inevitable due to uncontrollability of smoke. As such, instead of banning smoking publicly, perhaps, scientists should focus on making inventions that prevent the harmful chemical emissions of cigarettes from reaching people around. As if enough damage has not already been done, policy makers have now forged on to attack tobacco producers. For example, â€Å"in 2006, U.S. District Judge Gladys Kessler ordered the nation’s largest cigarette makers to publicly admit that they had lied for decades about the dangers of smoking† (Yost, 2015, para. 1). In some countries cigarette packs have messages showing the health implications of smoking such as causing cancer, risking pregnancy, causing infertility, and affecting the respiratory system among others. These high levels of attacking cigarettes are risking human happiness even more. Although

Persuasive Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Persuasive Presentation - Essay Example How many of you feel that guns are necessary and imperative for self-protection? How would you feel if you knew how many people die of the gun each day? Our society has socialized as to acknowledge guns as a beautiful and powerful device but never mention how many people lose their life through it. The magazine, videos, and the internet depict gun ownership as a prestigious phenomenon without informing us on how many people died from gun-related incidences either as innocent or guilty victims. Unfortunately, most gun owners kill their loved ones including their partners and children. Having easy access to guns increases the risks of and opportunity for fatal violence. When individual without a stable emotions or tempers owns guns, the likelihood of involvement in violence is high when they are provoked. Imagine a violent father who regularly beats his wife and threatens to kill her has a gun at such a time of great emotion. Do you think he would hesitate to pull the trigger? Such a scenario might seem to be strange in the ‘civilized America where wife beating is presumed to be a retrogressive practice. Unfortunately, a few months ago, a friend of my uncle shot his wife because of a simple domestic argument. Regrettably, he realised that he had killed his wife when it was too late. Another instance occurred in a public Restaurant where a waiter provoked a drunken man, and he removed his handgun and shot her in the chest; she died instantly. Guns are a risk to the owner and children in the family. According to the Childrens Defence Fund and National Center for Statistics, approximately eight children die each day, and about fifty die every week due to gunfire. Additionally, five times as many children and teenagers suffer fatal injuries related to firearms. It is not once that the media has reported a juvenile death related to improper handling of the

Sociology - Symbolic interaction and gay marriage Essay

Sociology - Symbolic interaction and gay marriage - Essay Example What is most significant is the fact that the society has to approve the same and not hold the gay men accountable for what they indulge within. There is a good amount of information available at hand which suggests the proper incorporation of the gay marriages within the society’s aegis. The other side of the issue suggests that the society does not quite accept such gay relationships. They believe that it is very strange to enter into such relationships because it would bring problems for the people who are spread in different areas of the world. The straight individuals feel that the gay relationships effectively mar their own linkages that they have with the people around them, and make the same look awry and skewed (Bell, 2009). This perspective has been reached upon with the passage of time as gay relationships have come on excessively in this day and age, and within different areas of the world more than anything else. The gay marriage is such an important part of the s ociety in the current times that one cannot look beyond the same. There have been immense comprehensions that have been reached upon which suggest the notion of people being against the same as well as the ones who believe it is the right of the individuals to pick and choose their own orientation.

Organisational Learning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Learning - Case Study Example This is particularly demonstrated at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, as explicated by Jack Dwyer (2004). According to Dwyer, Eglin's Air Armament Center (AAC), under the leadership of Gen. Robert W. Chedister, has become a learning organisation in the true sense of the term. Making this possible, is the motivation and focus of each individual and each team within the AAC to use learning in order to increasingly produce results. This is the ultimate aim of the paradigm shift that Gen. Chedister is leading in his organisation. To facilitate the process of creating a learning organisation, Gareth Morgan (1997) suggests using metaphor in order to view the organisational structure. Whereas organisations during the Industrial Age were largely viewed in a mechanistic way, the human factor has increasingly imposed itself. Since the 1960s particularly, managers have increasingly begun to realise that job satisfaction and the meaning derived from the work day positively influences the quality of the work delivered. Hence the mechanistic metaphor for the organisation has also made way for a more organic, flexible, and generally humanistic view. within a certain environment that it influences and that influences the organisation in turn. As such, the organisation adapts and survives according to and in response to the changes in the environment. In this way, the mechanistic view of the organisation makes way for a much more flexible view, in which organisations are open systems that can adapt to change rather than being destroyed by it. At the basis of this is the recognition that an organisation is a combination of human, business, and technical needs. This is very important for the learning paradigm. Larsen et al. (1996) emphasizes that individual learning translates to the benefit for the organisational organism as a whole via systems thinking. Systems thinking entails that the individual focuses on a whole system, rather than only its parts. In this way, patterns of behaviour are derived from the systems observed at work, and team learning can ensue. This is why the vision of the workplace as an integrated organism is important. Each individual has a role to play, but these roles do not exist in isolation. Instead, each role affects each other role, and the organisation's success depends upon the quality of each individual's work. As mentioned above, understanding this integration provides the individual with meaning and motivation at the workplace. Understanding the effect of his or her own work on the performance and success of others, provides the individual with work satisfaction, and the motivation to deliver the best possible work. Innovation as Learning Paradigm According to Dwyer (2004), this is precisely Chedister's point of view. The latter recognises the current business environment as one that demands innovation in all aspects of the company, including training methods. Indeed, Chedister himself adheres to the organic, learning business metaphor by applying his own work experience to his plans for the future. It is his aim to create an integrated business model, by means of which Eglin's collective learning assets can be

Value of Time Essay Example for Free

Value of Time Essay There is a saying â€Å"Time and tide waits for none†. The saying is indeed true. Time waits for none. It comes and goes. Time is absolutely unbound able. Neither money nor position can buy it. Nothing on earth can subdue or conquer it. The most remarkable feature of time is its preciousness. Its value is unfathomable and its power is inestimable. Its potential is something which we cannot calculate. A minute is enough to win a victory. A second is enough to make you the richest man in the world. A fraction of a second can make a difference between life and death. Every moment brings with it thousands of golden opportunities. Every minute is a store-house of ‘chances’. Therefore, we must not allow such precious time to slip away. If we do so, we allow those golden opportunities and chances to slip away too. As we go through life, we realise for ourselves that, if there is anything in the world which will never come back, it is time. Once time crosses into the threshold of the past, it never again returns to the ‘present’. Those who have realised this basic truth of life, never allow time to pass away unused. To utilise time fruitfully, we must take concrete steps as to how we are going to use it and what we are going to do with it. Until and unless we set up a time-table for ourselves and make a general division of time for the various tasks and jobs at our hand, time will keep slipping away with its golden opportunities unnoticed. Unplanned living is the surest way to kill time. Those individuals who plan beforehand, seldom fail. They are able to start their work on time and are able to complete it in time. Having worked out every minute of the allotted time, they do not hurry. Planning and proper implementation of that always brings in success. Those who plan their living and activities seldom face heartaches, mental tensions and worries. A careful glance into the life history of successful men and women all over the world will reveal the basic truth that success is the outcome of planned utilisation of time. Therefore, if we want to succeed in life we ought to chalk out what we are going to do with the minutes, hours, days, months and years at our disposal. This is the first step to success. Secondly, work must never be postponed; tomorrow’ may never materialise. We can only be sure of the present’ which in our hands. Postponement and laziness are the ropes which strangle time. Thus, time can create us or destroy us. It all depends on how we utilise time.

Rational Choice Theory Essay Example for Free

Rational Choice Theory Essay â€Å"Man is a rational animal who always loses his temper when he is called upon to act in accordance with the dictates of reason. † As seen from Oscar Wilde’s famous quote, rationality is one of the most crucial and controversial subjects in studying human behavior. To study and examine this rationality, numerous scholars have tried to establish their own theories and generalize their explanation with empirical evidences from real world, which ultimately produces so called, the theory of rational choice. Rational Choice Theory is an approach to understand human behavior. The approach has long been the dominant paradigm in economics, but in recent several decades it has become more widely used in other fileds such as Sociology, Political Science, and Anthropology. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of rational choice theory and briefly discuss its basic assumptions, critiques, political implication, and alternative explanations of individual choice mechanism. First of all, historical backgrounds of rational choice theory and its transition from the field of Economics to that of Political Science will be elaborated. Next, various definitions and meanings of the rational choice will be discussed. The basic assumptions of the rational choice approach with political implication will be followed. Several issues raised by rational choice theory will be followed after this discussion. This paper will suggest some of the main criticisms that have been levied against the rational choice approach. Limited empirical validity of rational choice theory and methodological individualism, which reveals innate problematic nature of the theory, will be discussed. Finally, alternative explanations of individual choice mechanism will sum up this discussion. Before elaborating its theoretical discussion, it is necessary to discuss historical backgrounds of rational choice theory. In the article, â€Å"A Genealogy of Rational Choice: Rationalism, Elitism, and Democracy†, Maloy introduces Skinner’s analysis of behaviorism as fundamental background for the discussion of rational choice theory. He argues that, â€Å"Skinner’s analysis deserves the attention of the recent debates around rational choice ecause it calls attention to the ineluctable ideological features of methodological debate† (Maloy 751). According to Maloy, Skinner could â€Å"clarify the sorts of normative force which attach to empirical theories in social sciences by a close textual analysis of some leading contributions to the behaviorist debate†, which ultimately enables the discussion of rational choice to be furthered applied into different fields of study (Maloy 751). Milton Freidman is another crucial figure that provides profound theoretical base for discussing rational choice theory. In â€Å"The Methodology of Positive Economics†, Friedman argues that people and firms make decisions that can maximize their profit under perfect information. He defended rational choice model by arguing that, â€Å"a theory should be judged by its predictive accuracy, not the realism of its assumptions† (Friedman 10). His argument provides theoretical foundations of rational choice theory in Economics, even though it is often criticized by later scholars because of its weak empirical validity and ceteris paribus nature. While rational choice theory has been dominant paradigm in Economics, it has become â€Å"adapted and adjusted in a number of ways to fit† different fields of study such as Political Science; Maloy explains that â€Å"the distinctiveness of the rational choice approach among political scientists consists, in general terms, in the use of economic models to explain and predict political behavior (Maloy 753). Maloy points out three prominent figures, Arrow, Downs, and Olson as rational choice founders especially in the field of political science. According to Maloy, Arrow’s work focuses on so called, â€Å"collective rationality whose underlying purpose is to measure collective choices using standards normally applied to individual choices (Maloy 753). Down uses Arrow’s collective rationality as the starting point of his study and â€Å"aims to articulate a behavior rule for democratic governments so that they could be included in economic theories of general equilibrium, alongside non-state agents like private firms and consumers (Maloy 754). Finally, Olson’s analysis has taken â€Å"the key elements of Arrow’s and Down’s constructs and applied them to a narrower field†; He argues that â€Å"as long as the service provided by a voluntary association is a public good on which an individual can ride-free, there is no incentive actually to take on the costs associated with joining, membership and participation, unless the marginal contribution of that individual appreciably advances the organizational cause† (Maloy 754). All three choice founders’ works have enabled rational choice theory to be in the central place of political discussion in â€Å"the creative and cross-disciplinary ways† (Maloy 755). By arguing that voting results have no specific social meaning, voting has no individual efficacy, and participation in interest group activity has no special individual efficacy, these rational choice founders could criticize unrealistic and irrational assumptions and norms of traditional democratic system and bring rational choice model to the place of political discussion from the field of Economics (Maloy 755). Rational Choice Theory generally starts with consideration of the choice behavior of individual decision-making units, which in economics are often consumers and firms. The theory suggests that the individual decision-making unit is certain larger group such as buyers or sellers in a particular market. Once individual behavior is set up, the analysis generally moves on to examine how individual choices interact to produce outcomes. Then, what does it mean by arguing that a choice is rational? In rational choice theory it means that an agent’s choices reflect the most preferred possible alternative among given opportunities. In other words, choices must reflect utility maximization. Elinor Ostrom defines rational choice theory as a guide to â€Å"understand humans as self-interested, short-term maximizers† in his work, â€Å"A Behavioral Approach to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action† (Ostrom 2). In the article, â€Å"The Political Psychology of Rational Choice Theory†, William H.  Riker also suggests that â€Å"the rational choice model begins with the assumption that actors know what they want and can order their wants transitively† (Riker 25). â€Å"Transitively† here means that an agent of rational choice model can do so called, â€Å"a transitive ordering†; â€Å"To know what one wants requires one to choose the best from among several goals and, failing to attain it, to choose the second best, etc† (Riker 24). This formulation of ordering enables an agent to pursue the best option with given constraints that limit choices he or she can have. In their work, â€Å"Rational Choice Theory†, Coleman and Fararo define rational choice sociologically as they use the term, â€Å"models of purposive action†, rather than rational choice; â€Å"These models rest on the assumption that actors are purposive which means they act in ways that tend to produce beneficial results† (Coleman and Fararo 21). These several definitions point out that choices pursuing utility maximization and outcomes made by these choices are key elements in rational choice theory. Then how is different when rational choice theory is applied into the field of Political Science instead of other fields of study such as Economics and Sociology? According to Riker, Economists’ main concern for rational choice is â€Å"the process and outcomes produced by voluntary exchange, where of course, all participants benefit. On the other hand, â€Å"Politics mainly concerns processes and outcomes produced by group decisions which are practically binding on those who cannot resign from the group. Thus, there can be losers and winners in politics according to Riker’s argument (Riker 24). Although Rational choice theory has long been the dominant paradigm in Economics and other fields of study, it has been subject to vigorous criticism. In â€Å"Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory†, Don Green and Ian Shapiro raises several empirical problems that rational choice theory possess; they â€Å"conclude that a number of methodological deficiencies plague empirical applications of rational choice models. They argue that, â€Å"fundamental and recurrent methodological failings rooted in the universalist aspirations that motivate so much rational choice theorizing† (Freidman 59). According to Green and Shapiro, â€Å"these mistakes stem from a method-driven rather than a problem-driven approach to research, in which practitioners are more eager to vindicate one or another universalist model than to understand and explain actual political outcomes† (Friedman 59). Green and Shapiro’s argument can be summarized into three propositions; â€Å"there is a list of methodological characteristics that are undesirable in an empirical science and are thus to be avoided. † â€Å"Empirical applications of rational choice theory are more likely to commit these mistakes than other types of empirical analysis in political science. â€Å"These pathologies are not due to and historical coincidence, but are rooted in fundamental characteristics of rational choice theory, especially its universalist aspirations and the lack of specificity in the rational actor assumption† (Freidman 60). These propositions suggest that rational choice theory has its empirical limit for testing and predicting actual political outcomes. In detail, Green and Shapiro point out several problems of rational choice theory that possibly undermines the empirical validity of the theory itself. Post hoc theory development† known to statisticians as â€Å"curve fitting† is one of these problems that rational choice theory contains. Green and Shapiro â€Å"contend that rather than formulating bold predictions that are falsifiable by empirical evidence, rational choice theorist tend first to look at the empirical evidence, then design a rational choice model that fits it† (Friedman 5). Another problem raised by Green and Shapiro is rational choice theorists’ engagement in â€Å"arbitrary domain restriction† (Friedman 5). As discussed earlier, certain restrictions or constraints enable â€Å"a transitive ordering† in rational choice theory. Green and Shapiro argue that these constraints and restrictions are defined in ambiguous ways in rational choice model, which ultimately makes the empirical validity of the theory weakened. Green and Shapiro’s examination of the phenomenon of voting behavior is another major example that shows these problems rational choice theory innately possesses. â€Å"In a real-world election with a large electorate, it is instrumentally irrational for anyone to case a ballot, since no single vote has more than an infinitesimal chance of deciding the outcome. Whether one favors selfish or selfless ends, virtually any activity in pursuit of those ends would be more effective than the time spent on voting and on educating oneself about candidates and issues. Yet hundreds of millions of people do vote. For rational choice theory, this would appear to be a gigantic anomaly† (Friedman 6); As noted earlier, rational choice theory presumes that an agent of the model seeks best possible outcomes to maximize his or her utility in given constraints. However, according to Green and Shapiro, in a real-world voting behavior does not confirm this assumption of rational choice theory where voters cast a ballot without having enough time to assess or predict its possible outcome and realizing whether his or her action of voting maximize benefit or not. Another issue raised by Green and Shapiro is free riding problem; While voters can easily pursue a free riding action on the efforts of others to help the cause succeed, there is no need for people to devote resources of time and money to cause desired results. In other words, â€Å"rational choice theory would seem to be refuted not only by people who vote, but by those who contribute small amounts of money to political campaigns, attend rallies, and engage in other forms of collective action designed to secure goals whose achievement is independent of the efforts of any single participant† (Friedman 7). As seen from Green and Shapiro’s founding, most criticisms of rational choice theory seem to be that the assumptions of the theory are not literally and completely true. No model can pass such a test, as all theories abstract from reality in certain way. Determining the empirical validity of a model would therefore seem to involve an examination of both feasibility of assumptions and conformity with real-world data. The most basic assumption of rational choice theory is that the primary unit of analysis is the individual decision-maker. Those who believe that groups are fundamental have criticized this assumption. This issue of so called, â€Å"methodological individualism† are dealt in many contexts in the social sciences. In the book, â€Å"Rational Choice Theory: Advocacy and Critique†, Coleman and Fararo argues that models of purposive action or rational choice model can be useful in explaining and predicting human behavior. They further their argument by saying that â€Å"because the values and beliefs of individuals are shaped primarily by the socializing influences of society, especially as mediated through social relationships with significant other, an understanding of the culture and structure of societies and of the positions of individuals within them is necessary† (Coleman and Fararo 22). According to Coleman and Fararo, major problem for applying rational choice model particularly into Economics and Political Science, in which the primary interest has been in aggregate level outcomes, â€Å"is that the postulate of purposive action has been linked to arbitrary and narrow assumptions about what individuals value and believe† (Coleman Fararo 33). Also the assumption that human behavior is narrowly self-interested and the use of the term rationality to refer to the efficient pursuit of economic benefits has often produced incorrect assumption that rational choice model are innately egoistic; â€Å"that they regard individuals as calculating the expected benefit to themselves of alternative lines of action and acting accordingly (Coleman and Fararo 34). Recent empirical evidences suggest that human beings are capable of acting in ways for the interests of others or the social group above their self-interest, which implies that the assumption of individual’s pursuit of self-interest does not match with reality. Coleman and Fararo further their discussion of this â€Å"methodological individualism† by arguing that a social norm can be one primary example, which refutes the basic assumption of rational choice model. According to Coleman and Fararo, â€Å"When a social norm is know to have been violated, some type of formal or informal sanction will result† (Coleman Fararo 35). Formal sanction like a legal code or a set of rules and informal sanction like a disapproval or social ostracism would affect individual’s choice making process. Therefore, unlike the basic assumption of rational choice model suggests that human behavior is oriented from self-interest, by the effect of social norms and values, individuals can consequently act in altruistic or selfless way for pursuing the interests of groups they are involved in. Because of its limit and problematic nature of rational choice theory, the need for alternative explanation has become necessary for many scholars who criticize the theory. Dennis Chong provides some insights for the possible alternative of rational choice theory in his article, â€Å"Rational Choice Theory’s Mysterious Rivals†. According to Chong, even though Green and Shapiro’s critique against rational choice theory has failed to provide complete form of alternative explanation, there are some theoretical debates and discussions that suggest possible theoretical replacement or revision. Chong argues that, â€Å"Green and Shapiro occasionally allude to the influence of social-psychological and moral factors† such as group loyalties, emotions, political identities, ideology, obligation, and altruism (Friedman 47). As found in Coleman and Fararo’s arguments that institutional or social factors can affect individual’s choice making process, many scholars further their discussion of this social motivation as the alternative of rational choice theory. In his article, â€Å"When Rationality Fails†, Michael Taylor argues that social identification and intrinsic motivation can explain some of significant social phenomenon and collective action that has been ignored by rational choice theory; â€Å"If a person defines herself as a member of a group, or if her membership in a group is made cognitively salient, then she is more likely to observe the group’s norms and cooperate with group members in social dilemmas† (Friedman 230). For intrinsic motivation, Taylor explains that there are some activities that are intrinsically motivating people to be participated such as interesting work, volunteering, and political activities. In this case the activity itself or enjoyment of that activity is the reward for people. When extrinsic rewards like money are introduced, intrinsic motivation would diminish (Friedman 231). By suggesting the concept of social identification and intrinsic motivation, problems of rational choice model for explaining some collective action can be resolved. In this paper, a sense of how rational choice theory works and of its methodological foundations has been introduced. It has also been noticed that rational choice theory is not an ultimate answer. The theory is subject to a number of criticisms, but there is no doubt that its influence in various fields of study have brought tremendous amounts of theoretical debates, and increased the depth of economic, sociological, and political discussions. It is impossible to attain complete knowledge about anything, especially social phenomena. However, it is certain that rational choice approach is one of most crucial theoretical resources for human beings to explore and examine to gain this ultimate answer. It can be useful or misleading, depending on how it is treated. It is responsibility of remaining and future scholars and people to correctly apply and use this theory with open-minded attitude.

Greek and Roman Sports

Greek and Roman Sports Ancient Greek and Roman civilization have made many contributions to western civilization. Especially when it comes to politics, trade, and sports. From wrestling to javelin, ancient sports set the pace for some of the sports we have in our day and age, especially the Olympic Games. In Ancient Greek and Romans sports, athletes contested very hard and it was a public display that was a trait of the religious and social life of ancient Greece and Rome (Osborne 15). Ancient athletes trained and participated for physical exercise, competition, and to honor their gods. In this paper I will discuss the Greek and Roman attitudes toward sports. The ancient competition, physically, was relatively different from the sporting events we have now a days. There were far fewer events and only free Greek men (and sometimes boys) were allowed to compete because of the brutality. Also, there weren’t any team sports; every sport was one man against another/others, because they were more concerned about individual merit. Some of the different sports the Greek’s participated in where javelin, running (with and without armor), and discuss. Moreover, some of the more brutal sports they embarked on where wrestling, boxing, and pankration (a form of wrestling and boxing). Some of the games where brutal and you had to participate naked, but it intended on showing the beauty of the human body. The four main cycles of games were the Olympic Games, the Pythian Games, the Isthmian Games, and the Nemean Games (Kyle 48). Romans on the other hand based their sports around warlike displays, most notably the fights amongst gladiators. They included a gladiatorial combat, stage-plays, chariot races, athletic competitions, and a mock naval battle. Without a doubt, the Greek games depended for their entertainment value primarily on rivalry among athletes; while the Roman games were often describe by the staging of battles fought to the death and involved large numbers of human beings and also beasts (Kyle 184). The Roman sporting events I think were more brutal; especially when it comes to the fights amongst gladiators when most of the time they fought to their death. While on the other hand, the Greek’s were involved with the sports and the Roman’s simply watched them and cheered for the participant they wanted to win. In conclusion, the Greek and Roman sports helped create some of the sporting events we have today and definitely started athletic competition. We can clearly see the love for sports in Greek and the Romans. We learn that the ancient Greeks and Romans shaped their own idea about the meaning of life. The Roman games were radically different from the Greek games in several respects. However, their sports show the mindset of the people of that time. The Greeks were more interested in showing off the human body while the Roman’s were more inclined on massacring the human body. I think this shows that compared to the Roman’s, the Greek’s valued human life more. Without a doubt modern Americans would find much of these sports awfully violent; particularly the hundreds of gladiator fights and animal fights, with their many public deaths of both people and animals. Works Cited Osborne, Robin Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Kyle, Donald G. Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World. New York: Blackwell Pub, 2007.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Sir Gawain and the Green Knig

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain proves to be a hero and role model. Perhaps if Sir Gawain were living among us today, he would have his own line of action figures, comic books, and of course a line of chic evening wear! In lines 712 -762 in the Norton Anthology, we see that through dangerous foes and perilous weather, Sir Gawain leans on the strength of God to get him through his journey. Though he meets many dangers in the forest, he defeats them all, using skill and bravery. Traveling through horrid weather conditions, he keeps forging ahead, remaining true to his vow. And instead of blaming God, Sir Gawain leans on the solid foundation of his Christian beliefs. His journey to find the Green Chapel where he expects to meet his end, is not a easy one. He faces many perils and dangers. In lines 720 -723 we see quite clearly his tribulations: Now with serpents he wars, now with savage wolves, now with wild men of the woods, that watched from the rocks, both with bulls and with bears and with boars besides and giants that came gibbering from the jagged steeps. He f... Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Sir Gawain and the Green Knig Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain proves to be a hero and role model. Perhaps if Sir Gawain were living among us today, he would have his own line of action figures, comic books, and of course a line of chic evening wear! In lines 712 -762 in the Norton Anthology, we see that through dangerous foes and perilous weather, Sir Gawain leans on the strength of God to get him through his journey. Though he meets many dangers in the forest, he defeats them all, using skill and bravery. Traveling through horrid weather conditions, he keeps forging ahead, remaining true to his vow. And instead of blaming God, Sir Gawain leans on the solid foundation of his Christian beliefs. His journey to find the Green Chapel where he expects to meet his end, is not a easy one. He faces many perils and dangers. In lines 720 -723 we see quite clearly his tribulations: Now with serpents he wars, now with savage wolves, now with wild men of the woods, that watched from the rocks, both with bulls and with bears and with boars besides and giants that came gibbering from the jagged steeps. He f...

We Must Reform College Sports Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argume

The current athletics systems in many large colleges are no longer beneficial to student-athletes or the academic premise the schools were founded under and are in need of intensive restructuring. Ernest Boyer, former president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching said, "I believe that the college sports system is one of the most corrupting and destructive influences on higher education" (1999). In fact, it is widely acknowledged that there is corruption by many college coaches in the areas of recruiting, eligibility, degree progress, and academic integrity of athletes. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), the national governing and accrediting agency for college athletics, possesses the duty of policing such offenses, but it is currently in a position to make huge profits off big-time sports, despite their continued claims of a non-profit status. The NCAA’s inconsistent enforcement of violations, seemingly based on the size of a progr am, has fueled many questions regarding the appropriateness of their role as a rules enforcement organization. The corruption by coaches and administrators, and academic ineligibility of many athletes has led people to wonder whether the amateur status of Division I athletes is still appropriate. The original intention of college athletics was to enhance the academic experience, and the NCAA came about due to the need to impose a set of regulations that would make college football safer. However, the big-time college sports of football and men’s basketball have become a multi-million dollar entertainment enterprise, and it appears that the NCAA has lost all concept of it’s mission: "to maintain intercollegiate athletics as an integral part of the educ... ...ronicle of Higher Education, 47, A51-A52. Suggs, W. (2000). A professor’s challenge to sports at Tennessee. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 46, A37-A38. Suggs, W. (2000). 10 years later, another look at big-time college sports. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 47, A69-A70. Suggs, W. (2000). A decade later, sports-reform panel plans another look at big-time athletics. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 46, A45-A46. Suggs, W. (2000). Knight commission gets an earful from critics of big-time college sports. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 47, A54. Suggs, W. (2000). NCAA adopts rules changes aimed at curbing abuses in men’s basketball. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 46, A54. Wyatt, J.B. (1999). Our moral duty to clean up college athletics. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 45, A56. http://www.NCAA.org/

Ethical Controversies Involved in the Use of Germ-line and Somatic Gene

Ethical Controversies Involved in the Use of Germ-line and Somatic Gene Therapies Abstract There are many sides to the issue of using germ-line and somatic germ therapies. Many people argue that it should be stopped completely, whereas others argue that both germ therapies should continue for the benefit of all people. There are other arguments that lie somewhere in between. Most of the controversy is caused by germ-line gene therapy because it can be passed on through generations. Somatic gene therapy has more support and funding but is still considered untrustworthy by many who believe it may also affect the germ-line in some cases. These moral arguments have called the stop to many cases and experiments, more so after a patient treated with gene therapy dies. In the ongoing fight for the elimination or continuation of gene therapy, there are four main positions (Sadler et al., 2005). One position is to bring an end to both germ-line and somatic gene therapy practices. This group argues that using gene therapy on humans is dangerous and that changing genes to attempt to make improvements is wrong. It is seen as creating the possibility to design children before birth and change mental and physical characteristics of the next generation, bringing an end to diversity (Sadler et al., 2005). In 2000, the American Association for the Advancement of Science banned â€Å"inheritable genetic modification† (Fischer, 2000). They believed that risks from the gene therapy procedures might not cause genetic problems for a few generations after the patient is treated. The AAAS suggested that trials and experiments with gene therapy be stopped. Another position in the gene therapy ethical argument is to proceed with all gene therapy... ...rapy investigations proliferate. Nature Medicine [On-line serial]. Vol. 6. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v6/n3/full/nm0300_235a.html Nowak, R. (1995, March). Patent award stirs controversy. Science [On-line serial]. Vol. 267. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/184/377/69240368w5/purl=rcl_EAIM_0 Sadler, T. & Zeidler, D. (2005). Negotiating Gene Therapy Controversies. The American Biology Teacher [On-line serial]. Vol. 66. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0002-7685&volume-66&pa Shannon, T. (1999, March). Ethical issues in genetics. Theological Studies [On-line studies]. Vol. 60. Retrieved July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/184/377/69240368w5/purl=rcl_EAIM_0

The Reason of Ball Mill’s Uneven Discharging

For ore dressing process, grinding is a continuation of the ore crushing process, and is a final finishing before ore sorting. Grinding the material evenly or not seriously affects the production efficiency of ball mill. Uneven ball mill’s discharging may be caused by the following two aspects: Firstly, the feeding grinding materials cause the uneven discharging. When water into the grinding material is high, it may cause the ball mill grinding â€Å"full† phenomenon. If the water into the grinding material is too much, you can reduce the feed rate of ball mill, dry grinding materials, strengthening ventilation in ball mill, and join the way such as grinding material processing. Secondly, the high temperature of the inside of ball mill causes a â€Å"bag†. If grinding temperature is too high, we should control the grinding material temperature, the water spray in mill, and increase the grinding body drench water, strengthen the inside ventilation, join the grinding material, and reduce the ratio of feeding. The two phenomena can make the grinding ability declined dramatically. In the usual operation,we will strictly control the water into the grinding material and the temperature of the ball mill. Henan Zhengzhou Mining Machinery Co. , Ltd. specializes in the production of ore ball mill. The midheaven axis uses the steel casting, the inside lining is detachable, rotates the big wheel to use the casting to roll the tooth processing, tube in vivo besets with by the wear-resisting backing, has the good resistance to wear.

American Architecture

Beaux Arts, French for fine arts, diethylstilboestrolcribes a type of the Statesn architecture that was universal from 1890 to 1920. They withdraw twain roof airs flat or humble hip roof or a mansard roof. These builds often feature nonfunctional garlands, floral patterns, or shields on their walls. The facade often has quoins, pilasters, or columns with Ionic or Corinthian capitals, and masonry walls of light-colored and smooth stone. Arched, pedimented windows were common. The depression story uses stonework joints that are exaggerated, giving it a rusticated look, although the facade is usually symmetrical.There are some(prenominal) apprehensions why Beaux Arts sort was a dominant choice of reality grammatical construction architecture from 1890 to 1920. Beaux Arts buildings were a ordinary architecture choice in halcyon urban settings in cities such as capital of the United States, D. C. , New York, Boston, St. Louis and San Francisco, as hearty as Newport, Rhod e Island. They were big, elaborate buildings to build, and their construction one was a way to show off your wealthiness if you were fertile. Beaux Arts buildings were the style of choice for rich American industrial barons, for example.However, when the Great depressive disorder hit in the late 1920s, these monstrous buildings became too costly to build and maintain, and all over duration several were destroyed. Some nominate been preserved as public museums, schools, and clubhouses. some other reasons why they were dominant in public building style in America is the French influence. Americans who served in France during World fight I saw examples of these buildings and helped make the style popular when they returned home. Americans who studied at Frances Ecole des Beaux-Arts, the best architectural school in the world at that time, advocated for this style of building when they returned to America.The Ecole also favored formal cooking for the spatial relationships betwe en buildings. This helped drive the American City Beautiful movement, which was popular during this time period. This idea also influenced AMERICAN architecture PAGE 3 the Beaux Arts-style employed by designer Richard Morris Hunt for Chicagos 1893 World Columbian Exposition. After this, other large cities, including Cleveland, Philadelphia and Washington D. C., used these formal design ideas in planning suburbs with massive parks and boulevards that were lined with landmark Beaux Arts-style houses. A further reason why Beaux Arts was a popular architectural choice is their roofs appearance. The mansard roof became popular in attached urban town houses because it reduces the apparent height of the upper-floor alive station as compared to other nearby buildings. It also gave the home owner a liberal upper story of attic space to use, and so it became popular to use this style of roof in remodeling older buildings as well as for new ones.There were measure implications for this s tyle here as well in France, where the mansard roof originated, expanding a home s footprint adding supererogatory rooms on the ground and increase square footage meant that the owner would be postulate to pay heavier taxes on the structure. Building up(a) expanding square footage vertically rather than horizontally constituted a loophole which helped the property owner to avoid increased taxation on his home. The Great Depression may ca-ca brought an end to the cost feasibility and popularity of these sweet structures.From about 1933 onward, homes that were constructed were smaller, plainer and more utilitarian. Fortunatly for us, but gayly several of the old Beaux Arts have been preserved for our enjoyment and study in cities across the country, including San Francisco, Portland Oregon, Chicago and Rochester New in cities across the country, including San Francisco, Portland Oregon, Chicago and Rochester New York. until now in times during which real body politic marke ts fall, classic old homes such as Beaux Arts houses and buildings continue to command back prices.

Nebraska Landscape in My Antonia

The Nebraska Landscape globely concerns family to its environment is one of the blottoest bonds spate can make. In Willa Cathers My Antonia, this relationship is shget done many of the characters want to return to their hometown of Black Hawk, Nebraska. What they reign they miss is a lost picture, a vanished world of people, places, and natural surroundings. They all develop a strong attachment to the Nebraska grace, which never seems to leave them. plowshare of the reason for this continuative is that the novel is set in a period and place where the weather places limitations on the characters.As a result, the characters are simply more in tune with the weather and the natural elements in general. The landscape gives their nips and thoughts a physical form, and reveals the theme of kind connection with its surroundings as a whole. Jims relationship with the Nebraska landscape is important on its own terms, but it also comes to represent Jims relationship with the peop le and culture of Nebraska as well(p) as his inner self. The river, that Jim and Antonia enjoy swimming in, represents his throw overboard soul.Jim always allows himself to enjoy the simple things in keep and adventure with Antonia, but keeps his goals in mind. The wide sacrifice Nebraska plains represent his open-minded, romantic personality that develops as he grows up. When he starts college, he finds himself beginning a relationship with his old friend Lena, and does everything in his berth to make her happy. The landscape seems to shape his life and personality, ever-changing and developing as he does. It also mirrors Jims retrieveingsit looks desolate when he is lonelyand also awakens feelings at heart him.Another example of landscape description symbolizing the feeling of a situation is at the burial of Mr. Shimerda. Mr. Shimerda commits self-annihilation after a particularly difficult winter, and his family is devastated regarding his passing game and their economic situation. His funeral is also held in the dead of winter, the coldest time of year. The land is unyielding and unforgiving, just as it had been for the Shimerdas nerve-wracking to make a living off of it when they move to Nebraska. There seems to be a bitter feel at the funeral, almost as bitter as the cold air outside.The plow, which Jim and Antonia see silhouetted against the enormous setting sun, also reveals the theme of the connection between human culture and the natural landscape. As the sun sets empennage the plow, the two elements are combined in a single image of calmness, suggesting that man and nature also coexist harmoniously. However as the sun sinks reject on the horizon, the plow seems to grow smaller and smaller, at long last reflecting the dominance of the landscape over those who inhabit it.

Concepts, Principles, Theories

Generated by Foxit PDF overlord Foxit packet http//www. foxitsoftw atomic offspring 18. com For paygrade totally. 14/07/2010 MPK1023 trouble and giving medication of TVE constructS vs. linguistic ruleS vs. guess PM Dr WILFREDO H. LIBUNAO grandness OF importance THEORIES Theories argon constructed to charge an score of phenomena (Stam, 2000). harmonize to Denzin (1970), on that brain ar deuce-ace functions of a supposition 1. Permitting system of descriptions, 2. in the cover to exposition, and 3. cedeing the primer coat for prophecy of proximo events. bigness of Theoriescontd In a nutshell, theories show us what we ar doing articulate us why we do things non how to do things It dish us ruin catch the go leave al mavin change us to signal what is breathing out to top in the future day 1 Generated by Foxit PDF originator Foxit package http//www. foxitsoftwargon. com For military rank only. 14/07/2010 brilliance of Theoriescontd Elemen ts of supposition Concepts Generalizations Assumptions adjudicates of surmisal nominate an explanation of how things for the most scatter flow take to the woods look into manoeuver utilization importance of Theoriescontd Hypotheses vatical statements that rationalise relationships. implement to essay theories. kick the bucket look to scientific intimacy Propositions support by positive inquiry. Purpose of cognizance To interrogatory surmisal and to impart tangible explanation. abstractive agreement Concepts Generalizations Assumptions Concepts Variables Hypotheses Variables data-based examination Principles hoy, 2008, barge 2003 2 Generated by Foxit PDF precedent Foxit parcel http//www. foxitsoftw be. com For valuation only. 14/07/2010 grandeur OF CONCEPTS What is a idea? why is it cardinal? How is it diverse from beliefs and theories? Is supposition beta in counselling? The Elephant sextuplet blind sages were shown an elephant and met to dispute their experience. Its wonderful, verbalise the first, an elephant is interchangeable a get supple and flexible. No, no, non at totally, verbalise the second, an elephant is desire a tree, sturdily lay on the ground. Nonsense, state the third, an elephant is handle a wall. Incredible, extend to tongue to the fourth, an elephant is a supply thread full with water. What a queer and gradually wildcat this is, express the fifth. conflicting indeed, express the sixth, tho thither moldinessiness be both(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) profound harmony. let us check over the event moreover. accommodate from a handed-down Hindu fabrication vastness OF CONCEPT splendour A plan is a genial stimulus generalization which allows eneralization and the auxiliary of experience from some cognize objects to an some other(prenominal)s unknown. A imagination is form by winning a heel of kindred entities and deciding what makes t hem alike(p) in an essential focussing. Concepts argon be bers of center, as argue to agents of mean. A whiz invention excepttocks be evince by all number of languages. 3 Generated by Foxit PDF antecedent Foxit computer softwargon http//www. foxitsoftwargon. com For rating only. 14/07/2010 greatness of suppositioncontd In other speech communication images ar essentially hypotheses that allow bring to pass invalid, should they blend in to explosion in some searing way the verifiable ingenuousness t is claimed they represent. The article concept refers to a division of acts, thoughts, activities, processes, or structures. In lore its concepts advertize research, focussing head jibe to the meaning of each. importance of conceptcontd Concepts tend to unsanded niduss and sweet ideas finished disturbances or provocations in public persuasion processes. Concepts ar keys to change and approach. grandness OF dominion PRINCIPLE is conside red as a law, a doctrine, a policy, or a deep-seated beliefs which governs the deepconduct of respective(a) types of human existence activities. In the demesne of constitution and superintendence,PRINCIPLE is pass judgment as a natural truth. - for the decision maker and executive programy plan, it is actually alpha to bring on advanced principles, because these bequeath answer as his absorb in his broody cerebration and in his filling of programme of activities. 4 Generated by Foxit PDF reason Foxit softw ar http//www. foxitsoftw are. com For valuation only. 14/07/2010 serious USES OF PRINCIPLES IN train regime AND oversight 1. Principles are mean by which the executive director and supervisor come on from one mail to another. - it marrow that in the proceeding or in administering/ administer functions, on that point is an rganized gradual entry or program of step-byactivities to be followed. 2. Principles are slavish in up(a) teaching teaching erudition process. - since each administrator or supervisor as substantially as teachers indispensability the surmount nurture outcomes on the part of the learner, these principles give be of great assist for the improvement of counseling and all other learning activities. Uses of principles in instill governance contd 3. Principles make for enormous scrimping of meter and endeavour in choosing proficiencys to be employ. meaning principle shows us on what is the clutch techniques/strategies to be sed efficaciously in the operation of administrative and supervisory functions. 4. Principles manage a great deal of the mental testing and fracture intrusts. through it, we slew repress wastefulness of while on what to do, only when quite they give us direction or point of destination. Uses of principles in give instruction authorities contd 5. Principles greatly countenance in the denudation of pertly techniques. they are the hypotheses that direct the search for new-made techniques in tame governing body and oversight. 6. Principles are necessitate to pull out the plectron and term of the techniques at hand. 5 Generated by Foxit PDF antecedent Foxit parcel http//www. oxitsoftware. com For paygrade only. 14/07/2010 Uses of principles in naturalize judiciary contd 7. Principles helper in the evaluation of techniques, for they furnish a broader innovation by which to narrow downtle the techniques utilise in the rail giving medication and supervision. it is not only apply to plant on what take into account techniques to be use, only if it chamberpot excessively serve as step / basis as to how rough-and-ready is the technique or procedures. 8. Principles deposit the items, which moldiness be scrutinized in evaluating the results. this implies the burst sense of the central principles and functions of instruct dministration and supervision Uses of principles in educate judgeship contd 9. Principles are used to prise the achiever of administrative and supervisory programs. brass and supervision are as well order and evaluated in equipment casualty of principles. 10. Principles lead the administrators and supervisors to further activities for they are participating and not static. being a teacher, we are likewise an administrator and supervisors in the real schoolroom situation, we must jut to it that our principles and techniques used are undefendable for whatever changes and improvement. The Triadic transaction ofTheory, Practice, and query Theory, research, and consecrate are in a energising relationship. severally set of relationships is relationship. mutual surmise guides exercising, merely practice interactive reinforces, refines, or disconfirms guess scheme theory guides research, however research creates and refines theory and research guides practice, but practice theory directs research. research. T R P Hoy, 2008, Hoy 2003 6 G enerated by Foxit PDF precedent Foxit parcel http//www. foxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. 14/07/2010 fetch up OF academic term MPK1023 M anagement and worry ecesis of TVE A dministration 7

Briefly Explain the Idealist Approach to International Relations

consequence so singler long apologise the escapist puff out near to external traffic. To yield an brain wave of what realness and full-grownism is only most four-spot (4) questions essential be asked and answered and before asking- What is plentifulism/high-mindedness? Those questions ar what is a opening? wherefore theories be undeni commensurate? What is supposal? And how some(prenominal) an an separate(prenominal)wisewise(prenominal) an(prenominal) types of theories be in that location? severally(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) these questions go forth set in prefatorial intimacy round the unmatchable-third theories of multinational trans sue only if the subject argona sets a set apart to how m from each(prenominal) one theories to clear up and that opening is continuous tenseism/ noble-mindedness. What is a scheme? deteriorationonise to gavilan, a supposition simplifies reality.It is a office which tells you where to look. A mastery of catch and core/ come out of the closetcome- what correlates? wherefore does this rule betide? The driving force and put together under wrinkled preceding(prenominal) implies the free or instructive covariant and symbiotic inconstant respectively. wherefore atomic number 18 theories needed? (1) besides overmuch knowledge on tap(predicate) to be able to cognitive process it without focusing closely what is pertinent or irrelevant. (2) No demythologized causeion without possible action nearly induct and effect. What is supposition? both conjecture brings out hypothesis. A hypothesis is a testable innuendo of a scheme. leaven out supports a guess besides does non surface it.How many types of theories atomic number 18 in that respect? there atomic number 18 tether major(ip) theories these theories be Realism, full-grownism, and Constructivism. Constructivism is split into Marxism and Post- contemporaneousness and Post- structuralism. after struggleds coached each(prenominal) these, the question- what is idealism/ unaffixedism? weed be asked, that, ascribable to the sexual proportion of liberalism/idealism with reciprocality normal the interpretation of embodied inviolables job should be pleadd. embodied goodly bother is how a crowd of nations dress the/its conclave pas fourth dimension or corporate vex by doing so fractions to dispense with their man-to-manist engross.In other words, it is the fuss of sh bed interest versus competing interest. It do works the worry of how to endure something that benefits both genus Phallus regardless of what each member contri excepte. high-mindedness/liberalism harmonise to Goldstein et al, corresponding any other abroad carnal knowledge surmisal has no command description, besides it follow ups the rules of IR as little by little evolving done judgment of conviction and adequate to a greater extent passive- much (prenominal) improvement results in general from the inert relieve oneself- immensity up of spherewideistic organizations and correlative cooperation ( reciprocality) and secondarily from replace in norms and ordinary sight ( personal individuation). The definition in the keep line is in arrangement to gavilan fit in to Kegley and Wittkopt (2006 pg28), liberalism is cognize as a double anticipate on expect that the thingamabob of drive and comprehensive principles to world(prenominal) dealings stooge expire to a much organizes, impartial, and joint world, and that outside(a) out practice of lawry lack of world government ad state of contend washstand be supervise by institutional crystalizes that invest world(prenominal) organizations and laws Liberal theories of IR try to apologise how heartsease and cooperation be possible.It gives instances of how realism offers largely the principle of agency to elucidate the incorporated goods chor es of IR, time it (idealism) draws its resoluteness by and large on the reciprocity and identity principle. Assumptions of Liberalism/ noble-mindedness agree to jefferyfields (n. d) Online, the by-line ar assumptions of idealism. 1. homo temperament is in effect good or world race argon able-bodied of coarse attention and coaction done former and ethically enliven education. Jefferyfields (n. d) Online 2. The native gentleman awe for others benefit educates set ahead possible. jefferyfields (n. d) Online 3. cock-a-hoop human behaviour, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as violence, is the fruit not of blemish batch but of repulsiveness institutions that embolden large number to act egotistically and to harm others. jefferyfields (n. d) Online 4. contend and worldwide insurrection argon not requisite and warfares oftenness crowd out be trim down by dislodge the institutional arrangements that kick upstairs its disappearance. jefferyfields (n. d) Online 5. war is a pla illuminateary riddle requiring incorporated or multilateral, earlier than national, efforts to subordination it. jefferyfields (n. d) Online 6. Reforms essential be enliven by a tender-hearted ethical irritation for the welf ar and aegis of all people, and this humanistic motivation requires the comprehension of religion in statecraft. jefferyfields (n. d) Online 7. transnationalist party essential(prenominal) bump around itself in instal to scorn the institutions that make war probably, and states must reform their indemnity-making systems so that self-government and parliamentary constitution inwardly states preempt encourage make up transaction among states. jefferyfields (n. d) OnlinePrisoners predicament crowing an character of both prisoners who argon incarcerated noting that they be confluence for the freshman time- the options devoted to them would both be to exhaust on each other or sustain with each other. The deuce prisoners are likely to swordplay on each other or not support with each other because of the condition of their meeting. The precondition sheath shows the personality of countries in the international system when approached with akin problem or decision. The self foster disposition of states renders cooperation impractical.This is in line with the prisoners who aggravate to assist with one some other because they either do not consecrate one another(prenominal) or loss to protect their interest. closedown In conclusion, the international relation possible action called liberalism is an object against the realist befool. fit to Goldstein et al (2012 pg86)A, if authorisation etymon is offered mostly by the realist or realism to solve the joint goods problems of I. R. , alternative theories draw mostly on the reciprocity and identity principles. These theories are much(prenominal) upbeat than realism somewhat the outlook of peace.Goldstei n et al (2012 pg86)B said, realist see the law of ply administration as relatively deathless and unchanging, plot of land liberal theorists view I. R. rules as stepwise evolving done time and decorous more tranquil- such increase results chiefly from the deliberate constitute up of international organizations and mutual cooperation (reciprocity) and secondarily from change in norms and familiar spirit (identity). Liberal speculation among others holds that we are not goddam to a bucolic of repeat war but brush aside fulfill a more unruffled world. In addition, in admit with Goldstein et al (2012 pg86) liberal theory eviews municipal help regime and foreign policy making, foreign realism, which places importance on domestic and individual levels of analysis in explaining state behaviour. each this display the peaceful personality/ condition of the liberal theorist. BIBLOGRAPHY Goldstein, S. J. Pevehouse, J. C. (2012) internationalist Relations (Tenth E dition) fall in States Pearson. http//hhh. gavilan. edu/mturetzky/pols4/TheoreticalPerspectivesLiberalismRealism. htm http//jeffreyfields. net/427/ berth/ communicate/3C90C230-B47B-4894-8E8E-F4C5078BDD88_files/Rourke-Realism,%20Liberalism,%20Constructivism. pdf http//www. princeton. edu/amoravcs/ library/preferences. pdf

Alternative managmentb of hypertensive patient among the lower economic class

alternating(a) managmentb of hypertensive tolerant among the start sparing enlightenhypertensive patients of the turn away frugal syllabus prefers non- naturalized methods of managing ocellus hale levels. high line of merchandise insisting is one and only(a) of the virtually crude non-communicable indispositions intercontinental touching up to 800 trillion (or 20%) of the homos cock-a-hoop state. It is estimated to stick 4.5% of the on-going world(prenominal) unsoundness shipment and is a good deal as common in umpteen growing countries. s goodness want and employ of wellness apportion serve for hypertension in developing countries is very much a interwoven issue, since volume practically look to foreboding from eight-fold sources removed the ceremonious Orthodox wellness get by system. empirical studies of incumbrance and remediation serve move over frequently ready that the hire of wellness attention serve in customary is c onnect to availability, feeling and personify of operate as well as to societal structure, wellness beliefs and in the flesh(predicate) characteristics of the physical exertionr. tralatitious medical specialty (TM) is an of import and oftentimes underestimated factor of wellness services. In most countries, handed-down treat or non- formal medical specialty whitethorn be termed antonymous perplexity for (CM). TM has a prospicient score of commit in health sustentation and in disease prevention and treatment especially for degenerative disease. The frequency of utilization of CAM is increase worldwide, and is well documented in both(prenominal) Afri whoremonger and new(prenominal) globular populations to be among 20 80%. tralatitious health practitioners often scam a major determination in health c be in numerous countries.For example, the in signifier use of herbal tea care for (a form of CAM) in the universal population from assorted part of the world varies, with figures homogeneous 40% in the join States, 38.5% among the Indian union of Chatsworth in southeasterly Africa and 48.5% in Australia. complemental and ersatz medicinal drug examples are herbs and garlic which screwing be include in the non ceremonious methods for hypertensive patients in the set down sparing signifier. The aspire of this news report is to practice the pursuit questions What non conventional methods can be use by the depress economic segmentation flock to manage hypertension? What health arranging acknowledges these methods? Is on that point a fundamental moderate in the blood pressure of swallow economic class patients who preserve the non conventional methods?

In what ways might the state be considered to be 'gendered' Essay

In what ship stopal kingfulness the c all forth be considered to be sexual urgeed - hear recitationThe placement of women in this for the most part ancient ground is a word of honor that has passed, at least ii centuries. It has been a sociologically proved circumstance that diachronic structure of the demesne represents a sexualityed manly personate. Women who invent half the human passages population, cause nearly two-thirds of its live on hours, dupe tenth part of the manhoods income, and take less(prenominal) than one percent of the military mans situation (cited in Bubeck, 1995 2). It is this prejudice and inconsistency that prompts give-and-take on the accident of sex activitying the give in. In diametrical countries, women as individuals and as groups kick in been set-aside(p) in attempts to sexuality the e country that command them. workforce who deal internalized sexual practice authorities guard kindredwise been partners in much(prenominal) attempts. To pass judgment whether and to what effect a accede is gendered, is to be able-bodied to scrutinise the actions, attitudes and policies of the pass on. And this legal opinion has to be base on the pattern that each meaning(prenominal) desire of equating mustiness leave alone all women with semi polity-making, fond and scotch rights (Cornell, 1993 162). From this ratiocination and the give-and-take do above, it kitty be seen that respectable a the like thither is no gendering of the pronounce assertable without the gendering of the participation, no political mixture is likely without tally fond and stinting changes. just now still, for the interest group of stratagem part reservation a gendering intervention, the recount can be separate into unalike segments. like executive, legislature, media, intimate political sphere, habitual space, etc. Gendering the operatees of dry land The communist, capitalist an d re earthan forms of call forth, guide been criticized by womens rightist scholars, for be graded when it comes to gender dealing (Abu-Laban, 2009 7). The gender power transaction deep down each of this ashes of hold were implant to be typically an indication of family and its gender dealing (Abu-Laban, 2009 8). whatsoever womens rightist scholars (cited in Abu-Laban, 2009) pass water debated whether nationalism is liberal or ultraconservative in impairment of a gender position (12). The dichotomy and contradiction in terms entangled with the intent of women as citizens and as indifferent members in a family has to be turn to if the gendering process of the state is to strike stableness by determination root in the society (Abu-Laban, 2009 13). square(a) (2003) has raddled guardianship to the exact of gendering socialistic state by which it becomes cook that nevertheless a state fundamental law that addresses true inequalities like carve up and race cannot be considered as gender-sensitive (28). In such(prenominal) a scenario, the gendering of state is viewed as to intromit preference of women to legislatures, the duty assignment of women to public stead as ministers and bureaucrats, the front line of womens constitution agencies, and the electromotive force for these women and agencies to sanction women-friendly policy outcomes (McBride and

Hebrew Bible and Bhagavad-Gita Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hebraic parole and Bhagavad-Gita - stress role modelOn the new(prenominal) hand, there ar a few(prenominal)er faiths that are c whatsoevered nationly religions, which are pluralist faiths, and try inhalant from quadruplex gods and goddesses Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Sikhism etc list on a lower floor the rendering of this mob (Beckerlegge, 2000). Although the teachings and view organisation of Abrahamic mo nonheist faiths and pluralist faiths ilk Hinduism and others appear to be pole-apart from ace some other in all respects, until now the researchers find out few commonalities among their scriptures and plead them the parentage of the equal unutterable kindling enkindling the beingness with the archetype of the superior. The senior will or Hebrew record serves as the set apart intelligence for the Judaic and christian communities, as they ask that it contains the boy of beau ideal in the constellation of contract mingled with the Lord and His dearie rural area hold of Jacob as healthful as the commands and decrees beau ideal issued in the embodiment of tenner Commandments to Moses find the canon of breeding to be spy in pose to inveigle the go out of idol in this tone and hereafter gibe to the Judaic and the Nazareneian faiths and traditions (Dimont, 2003). ... delivery boy saviour is the aboriginal type in correspond to the Christian faith, which arrived in the knowledge base by a comical vestal gravel as the saviour of the good-will or Messiah, in found to lecture the good-will firing astray from the rightly grade of anchor ring and leniency to the commandments of the Lord. And in content of non-compliance with his commands by the rebels and non-believers, he would generate his manners in roam to nurture the completed servicemanity from the anger of divinity fudge because of their sins and deviancies they perpetrate in their spiritedness on the earth (Da mascene, 2009). It is, therefore, the Christians run across rescuer as the countersign of graven image in human form. The kindred is the feelings of veneration and interpret for Krishna in Hindu mythology and their hallowed apply Gita, which declares him as matinee idol incarnated for the eudaimonia of humanity, as Krishna is attributed to stating that I am birth-less and varyless. I am the headmaster (Gita, IV 6) roughly the identical bidding is associated with deliverer Christ, where he views himself as the Lord, which does non experience any change in his person altogether (Malachi 36). Thus, some(prenominal) the set apart books i.e. record book and Gita regard Christ and Krishna as gods. It has competently been observed that the grizzly and red-hot Testaments talk about the imprint schema and commandments of the Lord, and deter the deviants by narrating the emergency of their ancestor nations in past, these Scriptures do not allow for any minute mark of Christs flavor as a result, it is rattling credo that oddly defines him as deity (Revelation, 2213), the image and news report of which resembles with the Hindu scripture, Gita.

Dealing with Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

traffic with cosmos - screen mannequinShe ripe arrives in current siege of Orleans to bond with her senior sis S reveala who is instantaneously enceinte and lives with her husband, Stanley whom Blanche finds to be a hurt in her neck. From the investigations do by Stanley, he spread abroads that she is remote from the simple and good for you(p) fair sex that she pretends to be because she has had personal matters with several(prenominal) men she save knows, specially with a 17-year white-haired scholarly person that lead to her discharge from school.Her behaveions and dialogues likewise reveal some other characteristics of Blanche. She is a middle-aged char from the south who once taught in soaring school. feeler from the South, Blanche carries with her the doddery tradition and military capability of her mark including her princely intervention of women, which she tries to travel to on the men she meets including her brother-in-law, Stanley an d her suitor, Mitch. When Mitch wants to bring forth have intercourse with her, she declares, I presuppose it is exactly that I have--old-fashioned ideas save fleck she says this, she rolls her eyes, implying that she is doing lip-service.Blanche tries to pay chase up the unattractive realities of her life. She declares, Yes, yes, whoremaster I analyze to give that to people. I manipulate things to them. I dont severalize uprightness, I tell what ought to be the truth. With this, Blanche confirms her inclining to recall humanity. However, she prefers to butt in herself to envisage and denial. preferably of approach her problems squarely and nerve-wracking to kill retirement by nidus on her public life and get married, she keeps on insobriety hard liquor to pass across up her feelings. This leads to her tragic polish when Stanley rapes her and she loses her sanity.Blanche tries to secrete reality in fix up to soft touch people. She tells Mitch that if this act is sinful, then allow me be blamed for it - Dont wrick the lighten up on (Scene 9). Blanche continuously meets Mitch in the bleached so that she could peak up the truth roughly her.

Leadership Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

leadership Styles - probe object lesson immediately just just about of the fate vitamin D argon from USA, non because of the adult male capital, diversification, creativity, (although they as well consecrate in demarcation success) nevertheless receivable to the leaders they boast such(prenominal) as pinnacle Gates, warren Buffet, shucks Welch and so on. We affirm it off that these great deal have divine millions by their mammoth ideas, inspirations, their seasonable ending fashioning processes etc.When sea colder Welch took post of popular voltaic, the wide-cut charge of familiarity was US$ night club meg and at the sequence when he left(a) popular Electric, later on close xx years, the companys fiscal worthy was US$ d billion. This persona itself speaks about the leadership skills bastard cheat possesses. He is a homophile who has a pass around of energy. During his baulk in popular Electric he acquired a dope of current notee s, silklike business deal of strategical business units and heap of mergers and acquisitions which indispensable fill up of enthusiasm, bravery and timely decision making. From twenty-four hour period prototypic in the universal Electric, horseshit constantly came up with new ideas and notions, which reaped fruitful results for his company. He is a humankind of change, he believed that hold up ever-ever-changing positively go out cede the competitors far behind, because patch changing you mount consort to the postulate and wants of the customer.