Psycho-Analysis in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay examples -- Mary

Psycho-Analysis in Mary Shelleys FrankensteinSigmund Freuds studies in psychoanalysis are uncannily fore-grounded in the late amorous period. The works of William Wordsworth, Percy B. Shelley, captain Byron, and Mary Shelley, all function as poetic preludes to Freuds 18th century field. Particularly, it is Mary Shelleys Frankenstein that creates a fictional rendering for psychoanalyst. In Frankenstein, master keys rejection of the deuce metaphorically represents the egos rejection of the unconscious. pastime from this metaphorical paradigm, Freuds theories on narcissism, the libido theory, the doppelganger, neurosis, and the Oedipus-complex all resonate in the pages of Frankenstein. After a brief introduction to narcissism and the libido theory, a psychoanalytic font study of Victor and the monster will be preformed. Finally, the ro small-armtic works of Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, and Wordsworth will further demonstrate the Freudian phenomenon. Freud declares that mankind has s uffered three major blows, the destruction of the self-loving illusion (Freud, One of the Difficulties of Psycho-Analysis, 5), that permanently destabilized how individuals envisioned themselves in relation to the exterior world. These three blows were The Cosmological, where the Copernican Revolution dislodged mankind from the center of the universe. Secondly, The Biological, where Darwin reunited man and beast as equals, and the third, Freuds own contribution, The Psychological, where mankind cannot trust his own thoughts What is in your mind is not identical with what you are conscious of whether something is going on in your mind and whether you construe of it, are two different things (Freud, One of the Difficulties to Psycho-Analys... ...rate mankinds departure from narcissism and its multiple complexities. However, as Freud would agree, the fact that the workings of psychoanalysis existed long forwards its publishing is metaphorically exalted in the Romantic era. Works C itedBennett, Betty T. & Charles E. Robinson, ed. Frankenstein. By Mary Shelley. Boston Oxford University Press, 1990.Freud, Sigmund. Introductory Lectures to Psycho-Analysis. Ed. James Strachey. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1965. One of the Difficulties of Psycho-Analysis. 1917. Some extension Types of Psycho-Analytic Work. 1915.The Uncanny. 1919.Shelley, Percy B. On Love. romance An Anthology. Wu, Duncan, ed. Malden Blackwell, 1998. 849-850.Wordsworth, William. from The Prelude Crossing the Alps. Romanticism An Anthology. Wu, Duncan, ed. Malden Blackwell, 1998. 389-392. Psycho-Analysis in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay examples -- Mary Psycho-Analysis in Mary Shelleys FrankensteinSigmund Freuds studies in psychoanalysis are uncannily fore-grounded in the late romantic period. The works of William Wordsworth, Percy B. Shelley, Lord Byron, and Mary Shelley, all function as poetic preludes to Freuds 18th century field. Particularly, it is Mary Shelleys Frankenste in that creates a fictional rendering for psychoanalyst. In Frankenstein, Victors rejection of the Monster metaphorically represents the egos rejection of the unconscious. Following from this metaphorical paradigm, Freuds theories on narcissism, the libido theory, the doppelganger, neurosis, and the Oedipus-complex all resonate in the pages of Frankenstein. After a brief introduction to narcissism and the libido theory, a psychoanalytic character study of Victor and the monster will be preformed. Finally, the romantic works of Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, and Wordsworth will further demonstrate the Freudian phenomenon. Freud declares that mankind has suffered three major blows, the destruction of the narcissistic illusion (Freud, One of the Difficulties of Psycho-Analysis, 5), that permanently destabilized how individuals envisioned themselves in relation to the exterior world. These three blows were The Cosmological, where the Copernican Revolution dislodged mankind from the center o f the universe. Secondly, The Biological, where Darwin reunited man and beast as equals, and the third, Freuds own contribution, The Psychological, where mankind cannot trust his own thoughts What is in your mind is not identical with what you are conscious of whether something is going on in your mind and whether you hear of it, are two different things (Freud, One of the Difficulties to Psycho-Analys... ...rate mankinds departure from narcissism and its multiple complexities. However, as Freud would agree, the fact that the workings of psychoanalysis existed long before its publishing is metaphorically exalted in the Romantic era. Works CitedBennett, Betty T. & Charles E. Robinson, ed. Frankenstein. By Mary Shelley. Boston Oxford University Press, 1990.Freud, Sigmund. Introductory Lectures to Psycho-Analysis. Ed. James Strachey. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1965. One of the Difficulties of Psycho-Analysis. 1917. Some Character Types of Psycho-Analytic Work. 1915.The Uncanny. 1 919.Shelley, Percy B. On Love. Romanticism An Anthology. Wu, Duncan, ed. Malden Blackwell, 1998. 849-850.Wordsworth, William. from The Prelude Crossing the Alps. Romanticism An Anthology. Wu, Duncan, ed. Malden Blackwell, 1998. 389-392.

PEST Analysis (Political, Economic, Social & Technical Analysis) Essay

PEST Analysis (Political, Economic, Social & Technical Analysis)A PEST compendium (also sometimes called STEP, exalted or PESTLE analysis)looks at the external business environment. In fact, it would bebetter to call this kind of analysis a business environmental analysisbut the acronym PEST is easy to remember and so has stuck. PEST standsfor Political, Economic, Sociocultural and Technological.(Technological factors in this case, include ecological andenvironmental aspects - the second E in rivet and PESTLE, while the Lin PESTLE stands for legal). The analysis examines the impact of eachof these factors (and their interplay with each other) on thebusiness. The results can then be used to take wages ofopportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparingbusiness and strategic plans.You need to consider each PEST factor as they all play a part indetermining your overall business environment. Thus, when looking atpolitical factors you should consider the impact of any political orlegislative changes that could affect your business. If you are in operation(p) in more than one country then you will need to look at eachcountry in turn. Political factors include aspects such(prenominal) as laws onmaternity rights, data protection and even environmental policy thesethree examples alone have an on impact employment terms, schoolingaccess, product specification and business processes in manybusinesses globally.Obviously politicians dont operate in a vacuum...

Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front †An Accurate Des

Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the occidental Front An Accurate Description of the Honors and Horrors of WarEllen Glasgow said, Violence commands some(prenominal) literature and life. Violence commands Erich Maria Remarques literature in his novel All Quiet on the horse opera Front. Remarque accurately depicts both the physical and mental repercussions of warfare. All Quiet on the Western Front should be read by all members of the Armed Forces for several reasons. First, the novel describes in detail the thrash case scenarios associated with war. By being exposed to such a portrayal of war, unprepared citizens would be able to make better decisions regarding engageing. Second, those citizens who do decide to enlist would be better prepared mentally for the mental horrors that occur after war. Finally, All Quiet on the Western Front sets a standard for the patriotism needed to serve ones country and the consequential honor that comes with that patriotism. Perhaps the bigges t argument for not mandating the reading of All Quiet on the Western Front is the possible decline in enlisting in the Armed Forces. Such an argument is moot, though. All Quiet merely depicts war as it truly is. In All Quiet, Remarque describes a moment of war by writing, Everywhere wire-cutters are snapping, planks are thrown across the entanglements. . . the earth shudders, it crashes, smokes, and groans, we stumble over dodgy lumps of flesh, over yielding bodies (Remarque 117). The possibility of war is manifest in the duties of the armed forces. Gulf War Veteran Alan Parks asserts, If a man is going to be deterred from the military by the occurrences of war, he is not the type of man one would want defending ones country (Parks). By reading All Quiet ... ... feels after a war by saying, While in the spotlight, it is the single greatest feeling anyone could ever imagine (Parks). Erich Maria Remarques novel All Quiet on the Western Front accurately describes both the horrors a nd honors of war. If the Armed Forces would require this novel to be read, more men would be better prepared for the feelings that await them in the military. By telling of the negative aspects of war, Remarques novel could successfully weed out those whom the army does not suit. By telling of the positive aspects of war, Remarques novel could gain ground more men to join the military. Whether a man decides to join or not to join, Remarques novel can provide guidance in reservation the choice. Works CitedParks, Alan. Personal interview. 3 April. 2001. Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York Ballantine, 1956.

Chromium :: essays research papers

One of the most controversial supplements on the market is chromium. In the eubstance, its natural functions consist of potentiating the activity of insulin and influencing lipid and protein metamorphosis. It may also be winding in the formation of glycogen in musculus tissue and facilitate the transport of amino acids to the muscles. Chromium can also affect cholesterol metabolism (Williams, 262). There are different claims to this minerals benefits, but the most common ones are muscle building, and fat burning. Although it is a big seller in the industry, does it really work?The main users of chromium at one point were body builders. chromium was marketed at first with the promise of building more muscle mass. Unfortunately, it failed to produce results as a muscle builder, and then was introduced as a fat burner. Those who were dieting and some long distance runners interested in prop low weights began to use the supplement and still do today.Although it is advertised as a f at burner, an article in a 1995 issue of the Journal of Sports medicinal drug and Fitness described an experiment that turn out otherwise. A double blind study was conducted among healthy Navy personnel (79 men, 16 women). Participants took one capsule of any chromium picolinate or a placebo per day during a 16-week experiment. Subjects met for a minimum of 3 times/week for 30 minutes of aerobic exercise. The chromium collection failed to show any greater reduction in body fat, or gains in muscle mass than that of the placebo group. Therefore, the results showed chromium supplements to be ineffective in enhancing body fat reduction (Trent, Linda K., 273). Trents experiment was not the only one to prove Chromiums inadequacies. In 1993, Melissa A. Hallmark et al proved Chromium to be a useless supplement that was only excreted when ingested in excess. In Hallmarks experiment, sixteen untrained males (23 years old +/- 4) were analyze to examine the effects of Chromium supplementati on when used during a 12-week training schedule of resistance exercise. The men trained 3 times/week and forage records were kept. The results showed that there was no significant difference in muscle gain or weight loss between the placebo group and those who ingested chromium with their diets other than the measuring rod of Chromium excreted. Lacking results have proven chromium as a fat burner to be yet another wait loss quackeryDr. illusion Vincent at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa has also proven that chromium supplements such as chromium picolinate may even cause cancer.

Essay --

I am applying to Stanford University for admission to the Ph.D. program in Computer Science. My query interests double-dealing in the field of Computational Biology (CB). More specifically, I am interested in employing probabilistic and statistical methods to analyze genomic data more expeditiously and accurately. As a statement of purpose of my graduate study, I describe present my academic background, research interests and future career plan.When I began my undergraduate career, I had the opportunity to be exposed to the full range of science courses. I rapidly became fascinated by the beauty of biological sciences and recognized the important single-valued function that computing and quantitative methods play in life sciences research. Dr. Dawkins once remarked, If you want to understand life, dont think about vibrant, throbbing gels and oozes, think about information technology. I could not agree more that computing (rather than mere experimentation) is the future of life sc iences, and the sole idea of blending life sciences and computing in scientific research excites me.I was first officially introduced to the field of CB in my freshman summer, when I worked as a research assistant in the Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong (HKU). During this project, I evaluated the surgical process of the Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis software, conducting simulation studies based on a thorough literature review. I have gradually cultivated my persistence and self-study readiness which I believe is crucial for becoming a researcher.In my second year, I went on exchange in UC Berkeley and audited the graduate course for Statistical Genomics there. Among the 20 or so students taking or auditing the course, I was the sole undergraduate. The course ... ...rful and friendly on this beautiful campus. Everybody here is living in Mr. and Mrs. Stanfords get laid for their son, and love makes everyday a perfect day. Perhaps this additional reason is not proper in a statement of purpose, but I strongly proclivity to continue my studies in Stanford, not only because of your excellent faculty and strong interdisciplinary research, but also because I feel that I belong here and my character accords with Stanfords spirit of freedom and love. To me, every step is not a finish, but a new start. I believe that your Ph.D. program would provide an touch on and challenging environment for me to realize my full potential, and I possess the perseverance, intelligence and motivation to thrive and contribute to your team. I am fully prepared for my adjoining step at the doctoral level in Stanford, and I look forward to this brand new beginning.

An Invention the World Could Live Without

What initiation would the world be better off without, and why? One major substance in the world butt joint change your life forever. The most popular invention that I feel the world can go without is cocain. This medicine can puzzle much turmoil in your life. Just one try and you can become an addict. An addiction is a habit that cant be broken unless you have assistance. Cocaine can cause you to have health Issues, family Issues and cause you to Illustrate.Cocaine Is a white substance sold on the street. This Is a dose that can cause secure health Issues. Some people Intake the drug through the noise sniffing It up through the nostrils. This can cause nose bleeds. A constant sniffing, fall of brain cells. Another way to intake the cocaine substance is liquid formula shooting it through the veins with a stencil. Besides the minor health issues that occur, u can also cause your heart to explode, have seizures, and go into traumatic shock. This is a absence that can kill you.B esides the fact that cocaine is an illegal drug and can kill you. For females that are with barbarian this drug can also cause pregnancy Issues. Females can have children with birth defects such as A. D. H. D, cut syndrome, hearing Impaired, vision impaired, not fully developed. Sometimes you even loose the baby. If the child does make It through the turmoil of drug abuse sometimes the child will come out addicted to the substance. Some parents even sell their child for the drugs because hey just have to have it.Or even come out as a ward of the state, because the parent is a drug abuser and has lost everything. So, now that you know the drug is illegal and can be fatal. Remember that the drug is not Just a white powdery substance, but can also be sold toy in little rocks. This drug can make u very delusional, causing you to see things that are not there. You wont be able to remember anything that has happened or is going too happened. This drug causes the warmheartedness system to slow down can sometimes cause your reheating to be very shallow or even to speed giving you a rush.But the scare off after It all will leave you shattered. Cocaine is a drug that will take everything away from you. Even family. A white lives. And only deviation hurt turmoil, and death behind. This is a drug that was invented for people to get rich and watch others loose all that is important. I feel this invention would be an invention that the world would be better off without. Cocaine is still killing people breaking up families and leaving people with great regret. So state no to this invention.

Killing a disabled infant is not morally equivalent to killing a person

According to the Utilitarian Philosopher, Peter Singers final paragraph in his article entitled, Moral Maze, Killing aperson. preciseat all (Singer, 2001). In support to his aforementioned claim, he argues thatFirst of all, he utilizes kids who suffer from a condition technically referred to as Severe Spina Bifida as an example, and reiterates that even if a surgery may be carried out later in the life of these babyren, it unsounded does non change the fact that these patients are super unhappy because they would check to go through super painful and uneasy life experiences (Singer, 2001). This resulted in Singers belief that since a churl leave only live such an unhappy life, then it is not worth living at all, thus, the child should not suffer further and should be allowed to move over instead (Singer, 2001). Again, for Singer, letting an infant who is physically challenged die is not at all exchangeable to cleanuping an various(prenominal) and that it is not at all a price act because it is done to save the child from living an exceedingly unhappy life (Singer, 2001).Secondly, Singer upholds utilitarianism by encouraging the principle which states that an act is advanced if carried out to attain the superior happiness and will benefit the greatest number as well (Will.., n.d.). He again picked another medical condition, which is technically known as bleeders disease to restate his conviction (Singer, 2001). He says that killing the disabled infant will result in another newborn child with the possibility that the child will be happier, the parents would not have to worry about another child who suffers from hemophilia (Singer, 2001).Explaining further, without the child with hemophilia, the parents will not have to attend to painful bleedings which are difficult to clot if not impossible (Singer, 2001). When Singer says that greatest happiness, he means, the children will be attended to equally and adequately because there is no other child with hemophilia to share their parents time with and at the same time, the parents will also be happy because they will not have to think endlessly about their sick child (Singer, 2001).In addition to that, when Singer says greatest number, he apparently refers to the unaffected normal children, the bleeder who no longer has to live a painful life, as well as, the parents who never have to worry (Singer, 2001). Again, for Singer, letting an infant who is physically challenged die is not at all similar to killing an individual and that it is not at all a wrong act because it is done with the intention to attain the greatest happiness and to benefit the greatest number (Singer, 2001).Third, Singer believes that killing an infant whos physically challenged is not killing an individual and that it is not an act which kitty be labeled as wrong because here an abortion is carried out to hamper delivery of a child who according to prenatal diagnosis has hemophilia or Downs Syndrome (Singe r, 2001). In addition to that, he says that there should be fairness and equality in the sense that if fetuses lives are taken external through an abortion, then it should also be allowable that newborns who have hemophilia or Down Syndrome etc (Singer, 2001). Also, he adds that just like fetuses, newborns may also be restored or replaced (Singer, 2001). Again, for Singer, letting an infant who is physically challenged die is not at all similar to killing an individual and that it is not at all a wrong act because it is done to hamper the delivery of a physically challenged child, to institute fairness between fetuses and newborns, as well as, establish the fetuses and newborns ability to be replaced (Singer, 2001).Fourth, Singers conviction is that killing a disabled or physically challenged infant is not wrong because he considers an infant as still not human (Singer, 2001). He says that since an infant does not yet have the ability to think critically, still very much dependent on the flock surrounding him or her, and is not yet aware of the occurrences around him or her, thus, the infant is not yet qualified to be labeled as a human being (Singer, 2001). The aforementioned characteristics are extremely crucial for Singer since he pushes that, parents should be given the right to fix if it would be better for the childs life to be taken away (Singer, 2001). Again, for Singer, letting an infant who is physically challenged die is not at all similar to killing an individual and that it is not at all a wrong act because it is done to help parents realize the characteristics the infant have and that they should be given the right to decide for their children because infants are not yet aware, still dependent, and cannot yet think and decide for themselves (Singer, 2001).Last but not least, Singer believes that killing a physically challenged infant is all right to prevent an infant to be born with hemophilia (Singer, 2001). His example is a case wherein a p regnant mother will have to wait for triplet months so as not to have a baby with hemophilia (Singer, 2001). Again, for Singer, letting an infant who is physically challenged die is not at all similar to killing an individual and that it is not at all a wrong act because it is done to make sure that such kind of waiting is meritorious enough because it will produce a child without any medical condition (Singer, 2001).Meanwhile, I beg to disagree with one of Peter Singers convictions. If for him, letting an infant who is physically challenged die is not at all similar to killing an individual and that it is not at all a wrong act because it is done to save the child from living an exceedingly unhappy life, then he might as well re-think about it (Singer, 2001). For example, even if the take up reply to my objection is the fact that Severe Spina Bifida is incurable at the moment, this should not result in a final decision that the child be killed.In the start-off place, there are available therapies to manage such a condition, for instance, certain rehabilitations to motivate progress and hamper speedy worsening of the condition. Besides, there are several(prenominal) new researches that are ongoing with regards to how it may be managed. Besides, whos to say that a disabled or physically challenged child will be exceedingly unhappy? Countless agreeable things can happen, but only if we resort and stick to current research, positive thinking, and our morals. On a final note, to assume that a disabled child will turn out to be very unhappy if he or she lives with such a condition is really unreasonable, thus, to kill a disabled infant for that simple reason is way wrong as well.ReferencesSinger, P. (2001). Moral Maze. Retrieved March 4, 2007 fromhttp//www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/20010211.htmWill Durant Foundation. (n.d.). A Will Durant polish of Philosophical and ForeignWords. Retrieved March 4, 2007 from http//www.willdurant.com/glossary.htm

The Portrayl of Women in the Media and the Effects it has on Young Girls

Young girls of todays society atomic number 18 being severely negatively affected by the portrayal of women in the media. With the media giping a large role in childly girls body images, more and more girls are having a negative image of themselves. They believe they are non sexy and attractive enough according to societys standards. As a result of this they shew to make themselves perfect and go to ridiculous extents to try and make that desire a reality. Girls w mischance even decide to not pursue interests because they believe them to be unattractive and unsexy.The medias blatant disregard for the real female physique needs to be dealt with quickly before it gets too far push through of hand. macrocosm exposed to the media daily through television, magazines, and advertisements, young girls base their body image largely off of media. The problem, however, is that the media displays false body images of women. Heavily photoshopped pictures in magazines are seen as the ideal body type, and women in movies and television shows are airbrushed to perfection. Along with the unrealistic beauty that women in the media hold, they are often dressed and posed in a provocative manner.On m whatsoever magazine covers, women are seen with little to no change state on, with only the lettering of the magazine title stamped across their chests to cover their exposed breasts. With these images eternally being sh throw in nearly all(prenominal) aspect of their experiences, young girls create the illusion that they must look like these women in order to be considered fair(prenominal) and sexy. Young girls set forth to believe that their self-worth is based solely off of how they look.The inaccurate portrayal of women in the media would not be a problem if young girls were not trying to model themselves after these women. As a result of the unrealistic women in the media, young girls are often dissatisfied with their avow bodies. This dissatis situationion can begi n at asurprisingly young age. A university of Central Florida poll (2006) found that fifty percent of 3 to 6 year olds worry that they are fat. another(prenominal) study (2008) of 819 boys and 791 girls, ages 14 to 16, revealed that a far higher percentage of the girls were ashamed of their bodies than the boys. They revealed that they constantly monitor their weight, what they eat, and how often they eat. This constant policing of their bodies can potentially overstep to unhealthy habits.Girls try to make themselves look like these perfect women in the media, and often times they put being sexy or feminine preceding(prenominal) their own health. They resort to strict diets as young as eight years old. Young girls with dress according to what the media portrays as sexy and feminine, even if it is clothing that is considered too provocative and mature for their age. With young girls putting their desire to be sexy above their own health, the portrayal of women it the media can lead to serious ill effects.Often times this obsession with their body image can lead to eating disorders such as bulimia, a disorder where a girl purges her stomach presently after eating, or anorexia, another disorder where a person allow outright refuse to eat anything. They will be hospitalized for such disorders, and yet they will still find themselves to be unattractive in their own eyes. The media has drastically harmed the self-esteem of young girls.Along with needing to become perfect, young girls are not pursuing their own interests for the fear that it is unsexy and unfeminine according to the media. A study done by the Womens Sports Foundation (2011) found that six girls drop out of sports for every one boy by the end of high school based on the sole reason that they feel it doesnt make them look sexy. Another study done by the Womens Sports Foundation (2011) found that twenty-three percent of girls between the ages of elven and seventeen dont even attempt to play sports t hey may be interested in because they believe that it would be unfeminine of them to try.The media tells young girls that they should be into activities such as fashion design and modeling, putting furiousness on professions that show off their bodies and not their intellects. While modeling and fashion design are perfectly acceptable job professions, the problem lies in the fact that activities such as those arethe only ones being portrayed as acceptable in media. Young girls are getting the message that to pursue any typically male dominated activity would be unfeminine, and therefore would make them seem unattractive.Despite women making up half of the worlds population, we still live in a male dominate culture were women can be portrayed on unrealistic Barbie dolls in the media. This portrayal is having ill effects on the young girls of future generations. Media is playing a progressively larger role in a girls body image than ever before, and with the unrealistic images they a re shown they being to be dissatisfied with their own bodies. Young girls begin to worry about being sexy and attractive at ages as young as eight years old, and worry about being fat as young as three. As a result of their dislike for their own bodies, young girls begin to try and make themselves perfect.They will starve themselves and work out, almost to an unhealthy extent. Putting this desire to be sexy above their health, around girls even develop eating disorders because of the unrealistic images they compare themselves to. Along with never finding themselves to be beautiful, girls will even deprive themselves of pursuing their interests because they believe them to be unfeminine. The unrealistic portrayal of women in the media needs to put to an end before the situation that young girls are put in gets any more out of hand.

Report on Wateen Telecom

Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENT5 Introduction7 History7 confederacy sh be narration8 telecommunicationmunication sector dynamics8 Structure9 Main procedure9 tune temperament9 Total numeral of employees9 Vision10 Mission10 Corporate Values11 wateen telecom limited overview11 Coverage12 Hierarchy of Wateen telecom13 forethought team15 STEPLE compend17 Political and Legal Factors17 Economical and Environment Factors18 Social Factors19 Technological Factors19 Ecological20 doorman FIVE FORCES20 Threat of tonic Entry21 dicker Power of Buyers21 Bargaining Power of Suppliers22 Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry22 EXTERNAL FACTORS23 Opportunities23Threats24 EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION hyaloplasm26 Strengths27 Weaknesses27 Internal Factor evolution matrix (IFE Matrix)28 C. P. M- Competitor Profile Matrix29 The blank shell Matrix31 BCG MATRIX FOR WATEEN33 INTERNAL EXTERNAL MATRIX35 THE GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX36 QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING MATRIX39 Key success brokers41 Corporate tillage42 An organizational culture has interest elements42 Organizational values42 STRATEGIES UNDER TAKEN AT44 At corporeal direct44 At descent unit direct44 Functional level strategies45 MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES45 Decentralization45 way Information System46 HR Policies in Wateen telecom49MARKET ANALYSIS55 set trade57 At what stage in the harvest-time heart cycle is the commercialise58 Market trends59 Product61 Price62 Promotion64 Distri spotlesslyion65 Competitive advantage67 pecuniary analysis69 Liquidity ratios69 Leverage ratios70 Activity ratios70 Profitability ratios71 Control procedures71 Marketing reassure71 Quality control72 Human resource control72 Finance control73 Problem section74 Main problems concord to the management74 Main problems according our analysis74 Recommendations75 Conclusion75 When trouble touches a man, He cries unto Us, Lying down on his side, or sitting, or nominateing.But when we fill solved his trouble, he passes on his way as if he ha d neer cried to Us for a trouble that touched him Thus do the deeds of transgressors Seem fair in their eyeb somebodyly(prenominal)(a) 1012, Al-Quran ACKNOWLEDGMENT We ar humbly thankful to Allah Al tycoony who has blessed us with time and will to think, judge and execute. We argon thankful to our respected teacher Prof. G. Ahmad genus Rana who guided and groomed us done his insight of the subject and industry completeledge to our parents and friends for their encouragement and support and to management of Wateen telecom for their support in end this project, especially Mr.Rana Abdul wahab who has been double-dyed(a)ly cooperative with us. Wateen telecommunication (Pvt. ) Ltd. Type Public Limited Industry telecommunication Founded 2007 Founder(s) Abu Dhabi Group Headquarters Lahore, Pakistan Key people Naeem Zamindar (chief operating officer) Products Wimax, DVB-RCS, VSAT, visual Fiber, hydrofluorocarbon, GPON, VoIP Owner(s) Abu Dhabi Group Employees More than 2000 Pa rent Abu Dhabi Group Website www. wateen. com Introduction Wateen telecommunication is the Abu Dhabi Groups latest venture in Pakistan.After the successful launch of Warid Telecom in Pakistan, which has a lecturer base of over 10 million clients in 145 cities, Wateen Telecom has been set up to become the leading Carriers Carrier providing overhauls establish on step, reliability and affordability in the communication and media sector. Wateen is committed to bring Next Generation overhauls to your doorstep today. History Wateen Telecom is a part of Warid Telecom International LLC, an Abu Dhabi Group compe truly led by His lavishlyness gallant Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan.The convention is one of the largest in the Middle East and has diversified c adequate to(p) interests comprising oil and gas exploration, hospitality services, communications, banking, financial services, automobile industry and correctty interruptment. The group has large spendments and a strong presence in Pakistan. Owing to the earthshaking patronage from the Abu Dhabi Group, Wateen Telecom, as part of the Warid Telecom International Group Compevery, benefits from an eminent portfolio of distinguished shareholders of Warid Telecom International L. L.C including His Highness Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, element of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi, Minister for Higher Education and Chancellor of the UAE Universities His Excellency Sheikh Suroor put in Mohammed Al Nahayan, Chamberlain of the Royal Amiri Courts and Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi His Highness Sheikh Hamdan Bin Zayed Al Nahayan, Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Prime Minister of UAE His Excellency Sheikh Mohammad Bin Butti Hamid Al Hamid, Ruler Re boonative for the Western Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and Ex Chairman of Abu Dhabi Municipality and Town Planning His Excellency Sheikh Saif Bin Muhammad Bin Butti Hamid Al Hamid His Excellency Dr. Mana Saeed Al Otaiba, Advisor to the Presi dent of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi (His Highness Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahayan) and Ex Oil Minister of UAE Mr.Omar Ziad Jaa further Al Askari, Director United Bank Limited, Pakistan President and chief operating officer of United Technical profits, Abu Dhabi President and chief executive officer of United Eastern Investment Corporation Director of Fruit of the Loom quoted on the bare-assed York Stock Exchange M/S Electro Mechanical Company LLC, Representative of M/S Siemens in Abu Dhabi, UAE Company share history According to a notice issued by KSE, shares of Wateen were listed in the commercialise head start from 8th of April. This is a provisional listing. The notice stated that the shares may get to the ready market starting from 27th May 2010. The opening rate was Rs. 10. Wateen has as well offered its shares for the public subscription on 20 and 21 of April. The price per share was the corresponding. Telecom sector dynamicsThe overall teledensity in the country is 61. 9% as at Jan10, where on that point are currently 95. 41 mn mobile subscribers with mobile penetration reaching 58. 2%. Total fixed line subscribers in Pakistan stand at 3. 5 mn yielding a teledensity of 2. 1%. Wireless (WLL) services are getting popular especially in rural areas and nub subscribers of WLL stood at 2. 6 mn with 1. 6% teledensity as of Jan10. The bulkyband industry has experienced healthy proceeds since last year exhibit subscriber issue of 55. 6% from June-09 to Dec-09. There are around 19 mn meshing users which hold the potential to have to to a greater extent(prenominal) efficient roomyband for soaring speed internet facility.Following table shows the subscribers growth in different telecom IT technologie Structure The structure of the wateen is upper to downwards. Which move from Chief Executive Officer to onward. Main office Wateen telecom (Pvt) ltd ADDRESS NEW AURIGA COMPLEX, MAIN BOULEVARD, GULBERG II, LAHORE 53000 Business nature They are d oing purely the telecommunication logical argument . The commercial launch of Wateens mobile WiMAX services began with 22 major cities . Wateen uses MOTOwi4 WiMAX by Motorola. Other partners include Cisco, and Intel. Wateen is giving CPEi 600 & CPEi 300 to its indoor economic consumption part CPEo400 for outdoor usage to its customers. zero(prenominal) offering its services on easily portable USB Dongles. Total number of employeesWateen accept to a greater extent then 2000 employees in this short time period. Vision To introduce Wateen Telecom in the European and North Ameri trick markets and provide the leading telecommunications international voice services through a world-class cutting-edge ne devilrk to deliver a broad range of reliable, affordable and quality customer-centric services. Mission To provide affordable communication services that meets and exceeds customers conveyments To deliver high-quality, flexible and innovative solutions that are price strong and t ri scarceary To provide complete customer satisfaction on time, every time Corporate Values Simplicity practical and favorable to use Satisfaction customer satisfaction is foremostQuality Premier services no compromises Innovation Always at forefinger to latest engineering Honesty practice what we vaticinate integrity, ethics and open communication wateen telecom limited overview Wateen Telecom Limited was incorporated in Pakistan under the Companies Ordinance 1984, on 4 March 2005. Wateens successful four years of operations in the telecom industry of Pakistan speak for itself. Some of the argument lines salient features are presented below Wateen is the largest secondary LDI operator in Pakistan 1) Largest commercial and first nationwide 3. 5 GHz WiMAX net proceed rollout in the world covering 22 cities and more than 1,100 sites (900 live). ) Largest operator of broadcast services in the country (c. 500+ MHz in use). 3) Wateen has one of the largest Optic Fiber network spa nning over more than 10,000 km (including organization of Pakistan USF projects) crosswise all the four provinces of Pakistan including metro connectivity in 22 cities. This network provides the backbone for Wateens National Transmission Services. 4) Wateen with its Managed Capacity services (OFC VSAT) serves almost all the major GSM and telecommunication companies in Pakistan as well 86% of the Banking sector. 5) Wateens FTTx (for provision of Cable TV services) and Infotainment products are to a fault being nurtured to ensure maximization of long term shareholder value. ) Sales act has to a fault been quite encouraging and consistent with over 20,000 monthly additions to the broadband internet and telephony subscriber base. 7) Sales growth rate has been far steeper compared to the industry add up, evi-dent from the fact that Wateen enjoys over 60 percent share of the wireless broadband market. 8) Wateen recently shut the largest syndicate financing transaction for the year 20 09 raising PKR 4. 7 billion from leading banks in the industry even in these challenging times showing the confidence of the market in Wateens business model and operations. 9) Wateen also successfully closed one of the largest Islamic Financing deal in the same period. CoverageWateen is currently providing mainly outdoor and limited coverage in the following cities Wateen is currently providing mainly outdoor and limited coverage in the following cities * Abbottabad * Jhelum * R. Y. Khan * Bahawalpur * Karachi * Sahiwal * D. I. Khan * Lahore * Sargodha * Faisalabad * Multan * Sheikhupura * Gujranwala * Okara * Sialkot * Gujrat * Peshawar * Sukkur * Hyderabad * Quetta * Islamabad * Rawalpindi Hierarchy of Wateen telecom Mr. Bashir Tahir Chief Executive, Dhabi Group Advisor to HH Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan Mr. Tahir is a prominent and revered corporate take to who has added tremendous value to the banking, communication and real estate sectors of Pakistan.He is a Member of the plug-in of Wateen Telecom, Board Member and CEO of Warid Telecom International LLC and CEO of the Abu Dhabi Group which has been a fundamental proponent in attracting insular money into Pakistan. He has been honored with the Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 2005 by the President of Pakistan, full general Pervez Musharraf, in course credit of his pivotal role in the field of banking and private equity in Pakista Management team Naeem Zamindar Chief Executive Officer Mr. Zamindar brings an outstanding track book of building successful companies, spanning 20 years across USA and Pakistan. He is a founding team member of Mobilink, and was a key member of the leaders team that grew Mobilink to become the leading telecom family of Pakistan.As the VP of Strategy, Business Development and Program Management Office, he led the initiative of making Mobilink an integrate telecom society by enabling the nationwide fiber optic network and through the acquisition of four companies that now for m the Broadband Business Division. In his last assignment at Mobilink as the Head of the Broadband Business Division, he was responsible for the successful launch of Mobilink Infinity. Recently he has been hurry Zamindar Capital, a consulting and investment firm that sspecialize in leveraging technology to leapfrog social and economic development. Mr. Zamindars track record of scaling successful companies like Mobilink, will certainly enable him to lead Wateen to the next level of growth and opportunity. He has also been an Investment bus at Intel Capital in the te Valley where he worked on 29 venture capital investments localizeed on building companies in the internet/ sore media and wireless broadband space. He is viewed to be a leading thought leader in the Wimax world, being invited as the keynote speaker at many international wireless broadband conferences. He qualified as a CPA from the State of Washington and is an MBA from INSEAD. He is also a Charter Member of TiE (www. tie. org) and a joint author of the book The First Mile. He spends his spare time volunteering as Chairman of the Art of Living Foundation and teaching people to live a morepeaceful and responsible life. Furqan Qureshi Adviser to CEO Syed Jibran Ali Chief Commercial OfficerSajjeed Aslam Chief Financial Officer Aamir Anwar Khan Chief Strategy Officer Ali Khan General Manager Enterprise Carrier Sales MianOmerShah General Manager Customer Service ZafarIqbal General Manager Human Resources Administration Muhammad Mazhar Qayyum Butt General Manager Government Regulations Regulatory Affairs Amir Munsif Khan General Manager Information Technology Naila Bhatti General Manager Media Shoaib Nazir Chief Technical Officer STEPLE analysis Political and Legal Factors The organisation in any country plays an in-chief(postnominal) role in the operation and manufacturing products and services in terms of regulations.Following are some of the portions that could cause Wateen stee ls to differ materially from the expected results. These are * Due to the unpredictable political and governmental changes rules and regulation are changed quite frequently. Currently government has subjoind the taxes in the telecommunication sector that will also a harder in the smooth operation of Wateen stelecom operation. * Now a days Pakistani purlieu is instable out-of-pocket to political clashes among political parties. Inside country war and drown attacks bomb blasting in popular areas. These issues of political instability vex led to unsure environment in the country, which is a threat for any business including Wateen telecom. Before WTO implementation for deregulation of different sectors of the thriftiness, there are two types of Regulators held by PTA the first is dealed the Economy Wide Competition Regulator as the Monopoly Control Authority. Also the political governmental rules can not be completely applicable in this sector due to the regulation authority of PTA. * Unseen and unexpected people sue on the company and wateen has to face many ratified conditions and hurdles * Environment of telecom is investor friendly and has great potential to gain profit because the trend towards internet is increasing day by day and whitewash a big gap is there but The Government has increased the tax due to huge budget deficit and low growth of economy. * These conformations of threats are obstacles and wee a great effect in the way of Wateen telecom.Economical and Environment Factors * Economic conditions are fixd by political and government policy, being a major influence affecting these can affect the Wateen telecom strategies. These can affect how easy or how intemperate Wateen telecom is to be successful and productive in the economy. * Over all economic conditions of the country is not very sound . Due to mistrust and unsecure condition and problems like terrorism in Pakistan the unlike direct investment has been declined. * This is the threat for Wateen telecom because not upstart investments in being carried out in this environment. * Due to inflation the cost of doing business is also gone higher.Inflation remains the biggest threat to the economy, jumping to 7. 9% in 2006 to 23. 3% in first quartile of 2009. This increasing ratio will hurt the buy power of the consumers that will overall reduce the expect for the products. * Pakistan has a growing upper class with relatively high per capita incomes. In late 2006, the Central Board of Revenue estimated that there were almost 2. 8 million income-tax payers in the country with 45 % people are living on 2 $ per day. * Due to the increase in poverty level the unemployment rate is going up and that is reducing the buying power of the people that is threat for Wateen brand. Social Factors The socio cultural environment summarizes take aim and tastes, which vary with fashion and disposable income, provide opportunities and threats for Wateen brand. * Due to an Isla mic state people are very practically strict in baptistry of Islam if any thing against the Islam on either print or electronic media they treated as against Pakistan. stack dislike anything extra-ordinary which damage their culture. * Pakistani people are more social and want to remain in refer with their relatives who are on the job(p) out of country through internet and calls. They celebrate lot of festivals like Jashn-e-Baharan, Eid Celebrations and other cultural festivals. On these festivals they make calls to relative and who are in the country and out of Pakistan through calls and remain in contact through internet.This will influence the demand for the Wateen product * Increasing globalization has improved the influence of Western culture in Pakistan. The life style of Pakistani people is changing quickly. passel are more conscious nearly their studies and society is moving towards education which is big room of expansion for the Wateen telecom. Technological Factor s attacks in technology can brook a major continue on business success. Technological change collisions socio cultural attitudes as well as on economy. * The Companies with technology can contest and they are investing in their pedestal to not only expand coverage but also to upgrade their existent systems. The current focus in cellular industry is coverage and establishing franchises which has a positive effect on the Wateen brand. * Technology is changing much faster than wateens technology change. wateen is using HFC (hybrid fiber coaxial) technology which goes obsolete and wateen had to introduce G-Pon (gigabit pon) technology. Ecological During bad weather condition Wireless goes bad because its signals became low. Similarly recent flood in Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhah had done for(p) a lot of fiber which creates loss to wateen and whole telecom sector. PORTER FIVE FORCES Porters model is found on the insight that a corporate outline should meet t he opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment.Especially, competitive strategy should base on and understand of industry structures and the way they change. Threat of New Entry It is not easy to enter in this capital intensive sector of the Telecommunication industry. So, the threat of new entrants is low. Though the growth and potential of the sector look very attractive, unruffled it is very severe to take risk for a new investor because the penetration in the market would be very difficult. As government of Pakistan is showing liberalism in case of telecommunication sector and opened its policies to award new licensees to new mobile service providers so threat of new entry is high. As set-up cost is in billions of dollars so in this case threat of new entry is low, but there are companies who are working to achieve licenses and approaching PTA to know terms and conditions for this. As for this business companies need a well established disseminations and franchises network so threat of new entrant is high in this case. Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining power of customers in this case is very high because of the low work shift cost in the industry. There are attractive substitutes ready(prenominal) to the buyer even in the form of keeping the same cell phone number but changing the service provider. It makes very difficult for the market players to retain their customers. I think the brand loyalty can only be created through superior marketing campaigns and service. Power of buyer is high in telecommunication sector.There are six market players and players are offering different packages at different prices and a situation of price war is running. Buyers suck a power to buy any package which is suited to them. Cost of switching from one company package to other company package is low. Hence, power of buyers is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers This is a type of industry where, at least in present times, the barg aining power of suppliers is at the low level because of the nature of inputs for the business. Moreover, with the deregulated and friendly environment given by the government of Pakistan, the industry has become more competitive and quality services driven. The power of suppliers is low in case of telecommunication sector. But the fact is that numbers of suppliers are few in the market but they are competing in the market to make agreements with mobile service providers. Threat of Substitute Products Although the cell phone subscribers are more than 95 million performance trade off are the most important to consider in determining the threat of substitutes. Actually, just the subscription of cell phone service is not enough for a company to get optimal profits but the real challenges is that how many existing customers are using the service regularly for incoming as well as outgoing calls. The quality of service is the parameter. Government also gave so many land lines and wireles s local loop licenses to different companies like PTCL wireless local loop, GO CDMA etc. hese services in future will be like mobile phone services like they are planning to offer services a lot but currently they are offering SMS and CLI services to their customers. Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry When the competition is fierce, obviously the competitive rivalry will be at the highest level. The very high level of competitive rivalry among the major players of the cell phone sector is trenchantly observable. Just look at the advertisement campaigns of the rivals and you can see how intense the competition is. It looks like a battle for supremacy going on between the rivals. All means of attracting new and potential switching customers are being used by all the antagonists to gain as much market share as they can.Exit barriers, industry growth, product differences, brand identity, and diversity of rivals are the main reasons of very high competitive rivalry in this case . Currently there are six market players but in future they will be eight and nine or even more. EXTERNAL FACTORS Opportunities * Remote access The biggest opportunity in Pakistani market is that there are certain areas where the services of competitors (cable operators) can not reach due to the topography of the terrain. In those areas there are sufficient people who need the services the company plans to offer. So, there are sufficient unmet needs in the market which can be catered through the service. Inflexible existing services In some areas the existing cable providers are not offering sufficient channels to satisfy the customer. The DTH service is promising as it would provide exactly what customer needs. * Growth in the market The market for entertainment is growing with the growth of middle income segment in Pakistan. These customers are increasingly demanding better services as far as entertainment is concerned. * Peoples trend * Cheap persistence * Corporate clients are big opportunity for Wateen telecom. * Targeting youngsters by improving gaming and webpage. We have got guarantees from the Govt. that we routine be getting any competition that is why Wateen is going in these areas to expand its range Threats Legislative environment The independence of media is under scrutiny from the government. It is difficult to predict if there qualification be any legislation regarding DTH which could hamper the full advantages of the service. PEMRA might impose bans on channels as it did to cable. So, negative legislative developments remain a threat to the success of the service. * downturn in economy The down turn in Pakistani economy might have impact on disposable income of the population which might not be inclined to spend much on the entertainment activities. General well being of economy always has favorable impact on all the businesses and the DTH service would not be an exception. Little potential differentiation It is expected that other competi tors would enter the market. It might start price war between Wateen Telecom and potential competitors. In that case there would be very less differentiation Wateen would be able to offer given the nature of the service. * Increased bargaining power of suppliers The Company would need vital alliances with suppliers and other partners. They might be suppliers of the competitors. Suppliers bargaining power might increase in that case making input costs high and leaving the company in difficult sentiment. * Uncertain demand It is very difficult to estimate the exact demand for the service. There might be variation which could result in losses for the company. Employee retention The company might lose its key personnel to other competitors once they enter the market for DTH. So, retention of dear(p) staff would remain a challenge and losing it would always present a threat. * ? piddling product life cycle The Company would have to continually innovate given the nature of the industry . Fast pace of technological developments might render the service obsolete in few years and it might be replaced by more advanced technology. * Terrorism The biggest threat that Wateen has ever faced so far is actually terrorism. Terrorism not just only affects the common man but the corporate as well. Wateen is facing the same situation it is getting more and more difficult to convince them about the safety of the business. Political instability is still in the top 10 list. Long marches, curfew, processions, and the never ending mealy of Music Chair are still a threat to Wateen. Political instability leads to the crash of the stock exchange, where stockholders think that time has come to withdraw. Not to find rumors of bankruptcy can easily make the company from a millionaire to a zero. Wateen has to make sure where it is placing its foot so as to at least stand in the chaotic situations. But Wateen is not going to let these things get in their way of progress. Their aim is to make Pakistan the most progressed in the field of internet. * advertise change in technology is also a threat for them.EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION MATRIX Analysis utilizing an External Factor Evaluation Matrix can be very helpful in determining the severity of threats and opportunities to Wateen Telecom. By assigning weights to each threat and opportunity, one can calculate an overall rating that signifies where the firm stands in the industry relative to the factors analyzed. An EFE Matrix for Wateen Telecom follows Sr. Key External Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score OPPORTUNITIES 1 Remote access 0. 13 3 0. 39 2 Focus on corporate clientage 0. 10 4 0. 40 3 Targeting youngsters 0. 08 3 0. 24 4 Expand its ranges 0. 08 4 0. 32 5 Cheap labor 0. 04 3 0. 12 Infrastructuredevelopment 0. 06 2 0. 12 THREATS 1 Short product Lifecycle 0. 09 2 0. 18 2 Downturn in economy 0. 11 3 0. 33 3 Terrorism 0. 12 2 0. 24 4 Advance change in technology 0. 08 1 0. 08 5 Uncertain demand 0. 04 2 0. 08 6 Employee retention 0. 07 2 0. 14 TOTAL 1 2. 64 Strengths link up Business Wateen Telecom is already into telecom business and has developed managerial and technical capabilities. Geographic presence The Company is geographically present in wide areas. It has already a diverse customer base in various areas. There is no such competitor who has such a wide ranging presence in the country. Innovation The Wimax is an innovative addition to the service as far as Pakistani market is concerned. It is in line with the policy of the company to tap the markets where consumers needs are not being addressed. 4 G technology wateen is first company of Pakistan having a 4 G technology. Extensive distribution channels Wateen has extensive distribution channels for the distribution of its new service. Market oriented Companys comparative advantage lies in already salt away knowledge, experience and data in the field. Financial muscle Wateen has sufficient resources to invest in the ne w project. Weaknesses Nepotism nepotism and favoritism is the weakness of wateen unenlightened workforce Specialized discipline is required for workforce and management to cope with new challenges emerging from the introduction of the new service. No existing alliances The company is making alliances with certain new suppliers for the equipment etc. which, at present it does not have. Cannibalization The Company has also launched cable service for some areas. Due to launch of DTH these services are cannibalize each other. High turnover rates The Company has not been able to retain good employees for long term. It would also hamper the ability of the company to handle the launch of new service successfully if the turnover is high. Internal Factor evolution Matrix (IFE Matrix) The Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix works similarly to the EFE Matrix.The IFE Matrix measures the inwrought strengths and weaknesses of Wateen Telecom, again by assigning numerical ratings to each factor. Strengths Weight Rating Score 1 Related business 0. 1 4 0. 4 2 Geographic presence 0. 05 3 0. 15 3 Innovations 0. 13 4 0. 52 4 4 G technology 0. 09 3 0. 27 5 Extensive distribution channel 0. 06 3 0. 18 6 Market oriented 0. 05 3 0. 15 7 Financial muscle 0. 07 3 0. 21 Weaknesses 1 Nepotism 0. 12 1 0. 12 2 Unskilled work force 0. 07 2 0. 14 3 No existing alliances 0. 08 2 0. 16 4 Cannibalization 0. 08 2 0. 16 5 High turnover rates 0. 1 1 0. 1 Total 1 2. 56 Explanation of IFEIn the IFE Matrix, the strengths are relative to the internal environment of the firm, whereas the weaknesses are a reflection on how the firm interacts with the external environment. the internal factor evolution matrix of Waeteen is indicating the weight Score of 2. 55 which is indicating that company have internally strong position because 2. 5 score will indicate that company have internally average position but Wateen has more than 2. 5. Wateen Telecom C. P. M- Competitor Profile Matrix No. Core comp etencies Industry weight age Wateen telecom PTCL World call Rating Total Rating Total Rating Total Innovations 0. 20 3 . 60 3 . 60 3 . 60 Related business 0. 1 4 . 4 4 . 4 3 . 3 Technology 0. 15 3 . 45 3 . 45 3 . 45 Financial muscle 0. 07 3 . 21 4 . 28 4 . 28 Extensive distribution channel 0. 08 3 . 24 4 . 32 3 . 24 Remote access 0. 13 1 . 13 3 . 39 2 . 26 Focus on corporate clientage 0. 10 3 . 30 2 . 20 1 . 1 Targeting youngsters 0. 09 2 . 18 2 . 18 1 . 09 Expand its ranges 0. 08 2 . 16 2 . 16 1 . 08 Total 1 2. 67 2. 98 2. 40 Explanation We can interpret from competitive profile matrix that PTCL is working much better in competition and WATEEN and PTCL some(prenominal) are above average while world call is below average in competition. Strength 1. Related Business 2. Geographic presence 3. Innovation 4. Financial muscle 5. Extensive distribution channels 6.Market oriented 7. 4 G technology Weaknesses 8. Nepotism 9. Unskilled workforce 10. No existing alliances 11. High turnover rates 12. Cannibalization Opportunities 13. Remote access 14. Inflexible existing services 15. Growth in the market 16. Peoples trend 17. Cheap labor 18. Corporate clients 19. Targeting youngsters S. O strategies 1. Expand their market in remote areas (S4, O1). 2. Increase their market share in related business through distribution (S1,S5,O3) W. O strategies 3. Through alliance they can cater more corporate clients and provide satisfactory services to consumer(W3,O6 and O2) 4. Threats 1.Legislative environment 2. Downturn in economy 3. Little potential differentiation 4. Increased bargaining power of suppliers 5. Uncertain demand 6. Employee retention 7. Short product life cycle 8. Terrorism 9. Political instability 10. Advance change in technology S. T strategies 1. Create more differentiation through innovation and technology (S3,S7,T3) W. T strategies 2. Through improving workforce they can enhance their differentiation(W2,T3) 3. Better working conditions can en hance employee retention(W4,T6) Axis X Internal Strength agency External Strength horizon Competitive Advantage Industry strength Market ShareCustomer LoyaltyTechnological know-howControl over supplier (Worst -6, Best -1)-2-3-3-3 Technological know-howResources utilizationEase of entryCapacity utilization (Worst +6, Best +1)+4+3+4+3 fair(a) Score = -2. 75 Average Score = +3. 5 Total X-Axis Score = 0. 75 Axis y Financial Strength Environment Strength ROILeverageLiquidityCash FlowWorking capital (Best +6, Worst +1)+1+2+1+1+1 InflationTechnologyBarrier to entryRisk involve in business (Worst -6, Best -1)-4-2-2-4 Average Score = +1. 2 Average Score = -3 Total Y-Axis Score = -1. 8 The Space Matrix Competitive (0. 75,-1. 8) Conservative Aggressive Defensive Competitive -1. 8 +6. 00 -6. 00 -6. 00 +6. 00 0. 75 ExplanationWateen telecom lies in competitive quadrant of SPACE matrix so the recommended strategies are following * Backward, forward, horizontal integration * Market penet ration, market development, product development and joint venture BCG MATRIX FOR WATEEN STAR Wiamax High frequency cable (HFC) Optic fiber cable Hosted data center of attention (HDC), Hosted contact centre (HCC) Industry Growth Relative Market Share Explanation This is a strategy tool that guides resource allocation conclusion on the flat coat of market share and growth rate of SBUs. The B. C. G matrix divides organizations into four different categories. These are as follows Cash Cows Which have high market share but low opportunity for growth like optic fiber cable have been classified as Cash cow because it does have a high market share. trails Which have high market share and high opportunity for growth based on the above, i-max has been classified as Star product because it has a high market share which is 4 percent each and industry is charged with high growth. Question marks Which have high opportunity for growth and low market share like high frequency cable are Question Marks because they have a very low market share although an attractive industry. Dogs Which have low market share and low opportunity for growth, In the case of Wateens hosted data centre and contact data centre have low market share and growth is stagnant in the industry as well. INTERNAL EXTERNAL MATRIX Internal Factors Evaluation External FactorEvaluation Strong(3. 0 to 4. 0) Average(2. 0 to 2. 99) Weak(1 to 1. 99) High (3. 0 to 4. 0) Medium(2. 0 to 2. 9) Wateen Telecom Low(1. 0 to 1. 99) IFE 2. 64 EFE 2. 56 Note * The Quadrant 1,2 and 4 suggest the grow and build * The quadrant 7,5 and 3 hold and maintain * The Quadrant 6,8 and 9 suggest harvest or divest Wateen telecom lies in Quadrant 5 that means they should try to hold and maintain. The above I. E matrix is based upon the calculations made in both internal and external factor evaluation matrices, so the external factors are weighted as per the observations and perceptions and in hold and maintain quadrant there are two commonly busy strategies market penetration and product development. THE GRAND STRATEGY MATRIXThe Grand Strategy Matrix is one the techniques for developing a comprehensive strategy saying framework for the organization. The grand strategy matrix based on the analysis of external factors evaluation affecting the organization is presented as follows In case of wateen telecom is Rapid market growth Quadrant 2Quadrant 1 Quadrant 3Quadrant 4 Strong competitive position Weak competitive position Wateen Telecom backward market growth Company is in lying in the fourth quadrant because it has competitive position in the relatively slow growth market. So the preferred strategies for the Wateen would be related diversification, unrelated diversification and joint ventures. Quadrant IFirms or divisions located in this quadrant are in handsome strategic position and can afford to take advantage of external opportunities in several areas and can do it aggressively. Firms here in rap id growth industry and have strong competitive position. The appropriate strategies for the firms in this quadrant are i. Market Development ii. Market Penetration iii. Product Development iv. beforehand Integration v. Backward Integration vi. Horizontal Integration vii. Related Diversification Quadrant II Firms or divisions positioned in this quadrant need to evaluate their present approach to marketplace seriously. The appropriate strategies for firms in this quadrant are i. Market Development ii. Market Penetration iii. Product Development iv. Horizontal Integration v. Divestiture vi. settlement Quadrant IIIThe firms or divisions in this quadrant compete in slow growth industries and have weak competitive positions. The appropriate strategies for the firms are i. curtailment ii. Related Diversification iii. Unrelated Diversification iv. Divestiture v. Liquidation Quadrant IV Firms or divisions in this quadrant have a strong competitive position but are in a slow growth industry . The appropriate strategies for the firms are i. Related Diversification ii. Unrelated Diversification iii. Joint Ventures Wateen telecom lies in quadrant four so here it appropriate strategies for wateen are related diversification, unrelated diversification and joint venture. QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING MATRIX No. Key factors weight Market Penetration Joint venture OPPORTUNITIES AS ATS AS ATS Remote access 0. 13 2 0. 26 3 0. 39 1. Focus on corporate clientage 0. 10 2 0. 20 3 0. 30 2. Targeting youngsters 0. 08 - - - - 3. Expand its ranges 0. 08 2 0. 16 3 0. 24 4. Cheap labor 0. 04 4 0. 08 3 0. 12 5. InfrastructureDevelopment 0. 06 2 0. 12 4 0. 24 6. THREAT Short product Lifecycle 0. 09 2 0. 18 3 0. 27 Downturn in economy 0. 11 - - - - Terrorism 0. 12 - - - - Advance change in technology 0. 08 2 0. 16 3 0. 24 Uncertain demand 0. 4 - - - - Employee retention 0. 07 3 0. 21 3 0. 21 TOTAL 1 STRENGTHS Related busin ess 0. 1 4 0. 4 3 0. 3 Geographic presence 0. 05 - - - - Innovations 0. 13 2 0. 26 3 0. 39 4 G technology 0. 09 - - - - Extensive distribution channel 0. 06 3 0. 18 3 0. 18 Market oriented 0. 05 - - - - Financial muscle 0. 07 2 0. 14 3 0. 21 WEAKNESSES Nepotism 0. 12 2 0. 24 2 0. 24 Unskilled work force 0. 07 2 0. 14 3 0. 21 No existing alliances 0. 08 - - - - Cannibalization 0. 8 - - - - High turnover rates 0. 1 2 0. 2 3 0. 3 Total 1 2. 93 3. 84 Explanation We have compared the joint venture and market penetration strategy on the biases of weight and rating given to each key component. So joint venture has got more score than the market penetration so we suggest the Wateen telecom should follow the joint venture strategy. Key success factors Following are the key seccess factors any organization must posses in order to succeed in the industry * Expertise and proficiency in related technology * Appropriate research and development * 2 nd largest provider of wireless technology Largest WiMAX provider worldwide. * exploitation latest technology in their incisions. (Oracle 10g, R12, 11i, and HRLS) * Their motivated man power * Highly friendly environment * Reputation in fair dealing B to B * Highest market share in Wi-max Corporate culture At Wateen they have a unique environment to work for since it houses a diversity of skills, backgrounds, viewpoints and experiences from around the world. It is ensured that hiring is based on merit, skill and ability, without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental disability, military or veteran status, marital status, or any other classification.Wateen Telecom is building and integrating the next generation of intelligent, converged networks with a plethora of key services and differentiators in the market. The primal objective is to become a carriers carrier and provide turnkey solutions for all customer requirements and speci fications. At Wateen Telecom we are seeking innovative and intelligent people to help us design, market, make do and support our innovative intelligent product portfolio to a diversified evolving market. We strive to hire only the best, create an exhilarating work environment and above all else, respect each individuals unique contributions. An organizational culture has following elements * Organization environment * Organization values Organizational rites rituals, and customs Organizational values present are a few programs that demonstrate Wateen efforts to translate customer needs into better service and Wateen commitment to making a long-term positive impact on the countries we operate in Working towards diversity Diversity is key to our working environment. We employ people from a mixed bag of backgrounds, with a wide variety of skills and vituperateing. Ethnicity/nationality Diversity at Wateen must reflect the multi-cultural capacity of the societies in which the Watee n Group operatesGender We believe that encouraging an appropriate work-life balance is key to ensure that both men and women excel at Wateen Developing our people Wateen offers extensive opportunities for learning. In addition to on-the-job prepare and transfers between different locations we offer a wide selection of external courses, e-learning programs and leadership training programs. Organization rites, rituals, and customs Loyalty, impartiality and conflict of interestsWateen respects the individual employees right to a private life and private interests, but demands openness and loyalty to the group and the groups interests. You shall not take actions or have interests that make it difficult to perform your work objectively and effectively. Service to Wateen should never be subordinated to personal gain and advantage. Conflicts of interest should, wherever possible, be avoided. You shall never take part in or attempt to influence a decision or settlement if there is a confl ict of interest or other circumstances exist, which could give grounds to question ones impartiality. Confidentiality Every employee in the group has a duty of privyity by law and written agreement.You shall keep confidential all corporate and other matters that could provide third parties unauthorized access to confidential discipline, and exercise caution when discussing internal affairs so as to avoid being overheard by unauthorized persons. Equal treatment Wateen strictly adheres to the principle relating to capable treatment of shareholders Organizational change and stress management World is watching fast technological changes and there is a rapid change in designs and technologies in products. So it is very important to move with latest technologies which increase the cost of production.So Wateen always come up with the change and for this purpose they always train there people for the change to reduce stress. Work stress and its management We always train them to be str esses free. Because stress results in decreased job satisfaction, cut back production, and increased conflicts. STRATEGIES UNDER TAKEN AT * Corporate Level * Business Unit Level * Functional Level At corporate level The main objective of the business is to earn high revenues and high financial growth. In order to achieve such an objective the firm applies competitive strategy. The firm relies heavily on the business side demand of the product Being not old company the Wateen telecom is following build and grow strategy at corporate level At business unit levelOn the business unit level Wateen is applying the diversififaction strategy so that it can enhance its product portfolio. In recent times it is evident since it launched its new product like broadband and wi. max. The corporate level strategy acts as a guideline for business unit level strategies at Wateen as corporate strategy is to grow and develop the high growth financially, so based upon which business unit level strateg y pursues the same through diversification of products. Which at the end ensures many products to be order qualifiers and most of them are sliding towards order winners. Functional level strategies Functional level strategies are basically based upon SCMC which stands for sales channel and marketing control.The main responsibility of this department is to coordinate all the marketing activities and sales channel to ensure maximum efficiency in the operation of the distribution channel. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Decentralization In Wateen they dont treat their employees as someone who works for them, actually they all are treated as family members. Every manager is empowered to make any decision and is responsible and is an owner of each and everything that is happening underneath them. Once that happens then you have the liberty to make any kinds of decision what ever they want. At the end of the day the organizations require just one thing that the employee somehow convinces the top m anagement by giving them their plan.The plan has to be based on some data and that data is what makes forecasting for your entire department. Once that plan is approved second step is the implementation of that plan. The employee needs to implement it and Wateen needs to come up with results. In Wateen all the managers are given the opportunity, through this they get the chance of learning because of the horizontal hierarchy. The employee interacts with all the departments and there is a great learning experience. End result is this, good or bad, the employees are the personally responsible for the results. Wateen doesnt believe in micro management. The employee discusses the matter with assistant manager and then he talks about the matter with the segment managers.Abu Dhabi group Relations with ministry of IT( top of all the regulatory authorities) Relations and liaison with all security agencies in Pakistan. Mr. Faisal is also looking afterward the relations with all the telecom operators in Pakistan. His relationship, my business development, my companys future planning and forecast (long term and short term) it is him who is looking after these departments. He has a manager for Govt. relations, PTA, PAMRA, and Ministry of IT and couples others. Further more they have 3 to 4 persistent managers in their teams. These assistant managers then have senior executives then they have executives then they have junior officers. So its a whole work force which is supporting a manger that is looking after the entire department.So all the matters are discussed with head of that department/segment and they can come with any kind of criticism being a 360 degree kind of interaction. Once they have decided something next thing is this that the managers give them a time line e. g. if there will be weekly, monthly or quarterly reports, they all must be 100%. In between them there is no relation between a manager and an employee. Telecom industry is a very close knit indust ry the managers after the meeting leave the matters to the employees, of course if there is a problem they are ready to help each other. Management Information System Support system Support consists of Maintenance and Monitoring services.Maintenance services include traditional break-fix support such as troubleshooting and incident restoration within agreed upon service levels. Clients benefit through a reduction in cost and risk of IT support. These benefits are achieved through Wateen Telecoms depth of skills, adoption of best practices and economies of scale. Incident Management is the process of controlling describe issues through to completion to achieve service continuity. When an issue is reported Wateen Telecom will do what ever it takes to restore the network as rapidly as possible. Reactive Problem Management is the process of analyzing the technology environment to establish what caused the incident.We provide diagnostics and resolution recommendations as well as managed vendor access. Moves, Ads, Changes and Deletions supports summation moves within client environments. Clients control the change process through owning risk management and scoping. Monitoring services form the foundation of complex managed services and should be purchased in addition to break-fix maintenance. To monitor technological environments in-house clients need to invest in costly systems and resources. Outsourcing this support function is often a financially viable alternative. Event Management Is the proactive monitoring of devices and applications to assure exceptional quality of service through network health and security.Performance Reporting is available to clients through the online portal. Clients have access to a wide range of automated reports relating to the history, trends, health, usage and exceptions of all monitored devices. Configuration Item Tracking is the monitoring of client technology assets in order to provide visibility of details and locations of the supported estate. Clients are notified of changes in the environment on priority basis, Improve system The Improve function focuses on ensuring that client IT strategy, architecture and systems Evolve to support the business strategy. A thorough understanding of the required systems is essential in order to deliver the business strategy successfully.We assist clients in aligning IT investments with business objectives through Truly understanding he clients business vision, goals and strategy Assessing the capability of the clients existing infrastructure, systems and processes to support the business goals Preparing a technology roadmap which shows a clear path to efficiently advance the clients current systems to meet future business needs Wateen Telecoms technology and industry expertness enables clients to cost effectively invest in new or redeploy existing IT infrastructure in a timely way to support new business initiatives. The benefits are derived through Business Awareness is achieved through the analysis of client business strategy and direction, and an awareness of the need to accomplish the most effective use of technology to deliver the business strategy. Technology Strategy Reviews are completed to assess the ability of the current Technology Strategy to support the deed of the clients business strategy and direction. Roadmap Management is the periodic review of existing IT architecture.The purpose is to evolve the roadmap to cost effectively progress the current IT Architecture over the medium to long term, to see to it that it is capable of supporting current and future business strategy. IT Performance Measurement the assessment of the current level of performance of services provided by the IT department to internal and external clients. Service Efficiency Recommendations of the most appropriate course of action to improve current services are included. Manage In the Manage function, Wateen Telecom provides a set of ITIL aligned service ele ments to improve the quality of service in client environments. These services focus on obtaining the optimal potential of the current infrastructure and are divided into two categories.Service Support is the day-to-day operation and support, whilst Service Delivery is the long term planning and improvement of technological environments. Service Support system Problem Management is the minimization of the impact of infrastructure errors. Clients have greater infrastructure availability as a result of pro-active resolution of root cause problems. Change Management is the control of infrastructure changes to minimize service disruption, limiting the impact of change results in optimal service delivery. To enhance and preserve stability and security of the clients IT infrastructure, Wateen Telecom takes ownership of change recommendations, approvals, deployments and testing.Configuration Management is the control of all components of the IT infrastructureused in the delivery of servic es. Recommendation reporting enables clients to gain optimal business benefits from technology. Release Management is the administration of new software rollouts and hardware releases. Clients extract maximum benefit from infrastructure through the limitation of release related impact on system uptime. Service Delivery system handiness Management is the process of meeting and exceeding service availability goals. To achieve the set business requirements all devices have to be fully functional, to this effect Wateen Telecom executes additional proactive monitoring processes.Capacity Management is the optimization of technology resources within contracted service levels. The capacity of devices and systems are monitored against predefined thresholds and results analyzed to identify areas of concern. third gear Party Management is when we undertake to engage with partners and vendors to achieve contracted service levels. Clients have a single point of contact for all issues from sta rt to finish. IT Service Continuity Management includes disaster recovery processes that ensure Wateen Telecom achieves and exceeds contracted HR Policies in Wateen telecom Human Resource HR is another important microeconomic factor affecting the research work.R D require proper HR personnel who have the ability to get the required information from the market. They should have the ability to deal with all sorts of public and situations in order to get their work done. Proper HR is the guarantee for good research work and it is the responsibility of HR department to design jobs and hire appropriate personnels. Competitive Pay Wateens pay and benefits programs reflect how much the employees and their families are cherished. These programs are among the most comprehensive and competitive in our industry. Wateen pay practices are designed to attract, motivate, retain and reward employees with competitive base pay complemented with short-term and long-term incentives.Wateen believes in compensating employees in a manner comparable to our competitors in the industry. Wateen also fosters a pay-for-performance culture that provides employees with opportunities to earn higher levels of compensation and receive rewards tied to company, team and individual performance. Comprehensive Employee Benefits Wateen makes a significant investment in employee benefits, an important part of each employees total compensation. The benefits program is reviewed each year to ensure that the plans are cost effective and continue to provide competitive benefits meeting the needs of our employees and their families The bar is set competitively high.If you believe that you can make positive contribution in Wateens endeavors by adding value to your discipline or area of work, we look forward to hear from you and to welcome you into the Wateen Family. Packages for Employees The wateen management is aware of the fact that only a satisfied worker can provide the required level of services to the customers. The branch firmly believes that a highly motivated and well-trained workforce is the key factor to success. So, staff salaries have been increased. Managing emotion at work Emotions at work are very hard to handle and in order to manage emotions of the employee working at wateen there are always different programs that are conducted to settle the emotions and control the emotional atmosphere in the organization.With a lot of training they develop the ability that employees can understand and manage their emotions and we help them to reduce stress, enabling them to take better decisions and to be confident. Employees motivation Employees are the real asset of the organization so if they are motivated then off course they will work in a better way. At wateen we motivate our employees in many ways. * We provide very friendly and cooperative environment. * Soft skills training (Daily) * Games and different recreational activities * Foreign tours (top level managers) * Ann ual leave (Leave with pay) * Ramzan parties * Weekly eat of each department * Incentives,Bonus and promotion * Top Performer award (quarterly) * Appriciation Team managementAt Wateen team management is very important because every department of the organization works in team there are small groups as well as large groups. * Small groups. 2-10 * Large groups. 20-100 * These large groups are compromised of different skillful people, who come together to work on a specific target set for them. * Every group is lead by a professional. * The head of the group is selected by the Leader of that department respectfully. * All the members work together and hard to achieve the goal. 1) profession Analysis a) military control comment b) furrow specification 2) Compensation a) Salary structure b) Benefits/ incentives c) Holidays / vacations, paid leaves 3- Job adds 1) Job AnalysisWateen Telecom does job analysis in case of a) Starts new projects b) On job leaving Some examples of Job descr iption and Specification in wateen telecom. Job Title Assistant Manager Quality Assurance Job description Leading a team of executives responsible for the quality of the contact center operations. Evaluating teams performance on Daily/Weekly/Monthly basis. Ensuring that proper procedures of feedback are being followed Job Specification He is Masters Degree holder. 2 years experience in Contact Center Operations. He has small communication, presentation and negotiation skill. Multi-task, maintain a high standard of service & quality. He has ability to stress, time management Department CEO Office Job Title CEO Office Manager Job Description Supervise CEO Office staff in their tasks. Direct & Coordinate operations of the CEO Office. Direct & encourage team members to achieve their goals. Job Specification He is Bachelor degree in marketing He has ability to maintains organizational culture (telecom environment) Compensation Compensation is the process of giving the reward to the labo rs against getting services from them Competitive Pay Wateens pay and benefits programs reflect how many the employees and their families are valued Salary Structure Job Position Top Level Exceptional Cases) Net Salary Up to Rupees. 800,000/- Per Month& Normally Rupees(450,000-500,000) Per Month Job Position Middle Level Net Salary Normally Rupees (30,000-100,000) Per Month. Job Position First Line Level Minimum Salary Rupees. 18,000/-Per Month Benefits / Incentives Pick and terminate services Mobile allowance Medical facility 10% of gross salary Car facility 1 extra salary Bonuses Gifts Cinema tickets locomote pool facility Mess at Freddies Gloria Jeans Holidays, Vacations In Wateen Telecom the procedures of holidays, vacations paid leaves are the following 20 Annual Paid Leaves 10 Medical Laves 10 Casual LeaveTraining types Wateen Telecom is providing five types of training to their employees to enhance their performance. These are a- Job Orientation b- Positive attitude c- So ft skills d- Technical training (daily basis) Methods of Training There are many methods for giving the training are adopted by the Wateen Telecom. These are explained under following. a- On the job training b- Job Rotation c- Computer Based Training d- Audio visuals based training e- Internet base training f- Management games Developments for Staff Promotions Transfers Environment and Culture New Developments in Wateen Telecom for its employees Free internet (4 MB link)Free gamming at Silver Star MARKET ANALYSIS As far as the marketing department of Wateen is concerned they are providing following facilities to its customers Target Market The target customers of Wateen are * home users, * business users * carriers operators However their main revenue comes from business users because due to their high costs home users do not prefer it so they are targeting business users more than the others by providing advanced technology that is necessary for business sector. Wateen has launch ed its broadband connection for all and sundry. Of course benefits, services, prices and equipments differ for the home user and the corporate sector.The increase in usage of Wateen broadband connection was seen by the corporate sector because of Wateen fast speed, efficiency and negligible disconnections. Corporate sector are always on the run and unexpected timings or a new competitor makes the internet even more important because information has to be sent or received at the last minute. And Wateen offers the best quality service any business man can use. Of course internet users at home are treated with equal importance. Student packages have been developed to help the students who have lots of assignments, projects and research in their hands. At what stage in the product life cycle is the marketNow Wateen is on growth stage in the market because in 2007 they have started their services in Pakistan. Geographically Starting late January, Wateens WiMAX based products and services will enter into the commercial launch phase, thereby offering our products services in the following 22 cities spanning the major urban chunk of Pakistans demography. Karachi Quetta Lahore Gujarat Faisalabad Sahiwal Peshawar Bahawalpur Multan Abbottabad Hyderabad Sukkur Gujranwala D IKhan Islamabad R Y Khan Rawalpindi Jehlum Sialkot OkaraS argodha Sheikhupura Market trends Due to limited sources of entertainment, television is probably the biggest source of entertainment for Pakistanis.A growing number of private TV channels and cable TV, providing access to more than 100 channels, has kept consumers watching. Indian and Pakistani soap operas are the most watched programs. People usually prefer to relax in their leisure time by watching television with their families. Watching movies is an alternative to cable TV. Indian and English movies are preferred over low-budget Pakistani movies. Nowadays, VCRs are becoming obsolete, while DVD players and large plasma screens are in fashion , adding to the craze for watching movies. Evening is the prime time, thats when people get back from their work and switch on the TV to relax. The prime time for TV is from 8pm till midnight.Board and card games, once a major source of home entertainment, have been replaced by computers. Now youngsters prefer to play games on their computer or Sony PlayStation, or perhaps play chess or pool online with other online gamers. Internet chatting is also quite popular amongst youngsters, and is an activity carried out in the evening and at late night. tipening to music is a growing hobby amongst the young generation. New pop bands have flared up the passion for music. Conversely, the habit of reading is not so popular. Fashion magazines are preferred over novels and digests. ProductPricePlace Promotion Quality List Price ChannelAdvertising FeaturesDiscount Location Personal SellingBrand Name Allowance Transportation Sale Promotion P

A Great Leader: Martin Luther King, Jr.

It was the 1963 March on Washington, attended by 250,000 people, 75 percent of them mordant, where Martin Luther index, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream talking to (Ruffin, 2001). The speech was aired on national television, reaching millions of Americans, including the President.The speech effectively raised civil consciousness by providing a clear path and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. lead decades after he was gunned down on a motel balcony in Memphis, Tennessee, Martin Luther King, Jr. remains to be the human rights icon of today whose influence has become a fixed part in the lives of those people he helped and touched (Pastan, 2004).Born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia he was the second of terzetto children of Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King (Oates, 1994). Belonging to a middle-class family, King, Jr. and his siblings enjoyed relatively better lives than average black children.At the very young age, he was exposed to ideas and issues of racial equality as his father was actively involved in the local chapter of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People who led a successful campaign to pair the salaries of white and black teachers in Atlanta. Although he and his siblings had white playmates, they were not allowed to go to the same school with them.He attended Atlanta Public Schools, David T. Howard Elementary and past booker T. Washington High School. When he was in high school, he joined an oratory contest and won second place. His happiness was short lived for he had a long bus ride to get home where passengers were segregated according to the color of their skin.The blacks had to stand and make room for the white people. At fifteen, he entered Atlantas Morehouse College, then Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania and Boston University, where he earned his Ph.D in systematic theology. While in college at Cozer, King, Jr. became exposed to Mahatma Gandhi and was inspired by hi s advocacy of non-violent activism. He even visited the Gandhi family in India in 1959 to deepen his understanding of non-violent resistance and his commitment to the advocacy of the Civil Rights Movement in America (Sunnemark, 2004).After end his education, he rejected most offers instead chose to become pastor of Montgomery, ALs Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. He was named president of the new Montgomery Improvement Association, which set his worldly concern c areer into motion. When he lead the local African-American communitys bus boycott, King, Jr. became a household name and threats started coming to him and his family. He and his groups demanded three things (1) seating arrangements according to first come-first serve basis (2) drivers equal treatments of white and black passengers and (3) hire black drivers to predominantly black routes.Bus companies suffered losses as their customers are mainly black (Haskins, 1992). His house was bombed and he faced charges of conspiracy a gainst the bus company. The bus boycott lasted a year, characterized by violence and different forms of intimidation entirely King, Jr. did not fail to emphasize the Christian way to handle the attacks. He advised his group to turn the other cheek. In celestial latitude 21, 1956, King, Jr. together with other boycott leaders, rode the first desegregated bus.The next few years were relatively quiet for King, Jr. but he remained to be active, getting involved with other civil rights movements. He founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to coordinate the protests which followed the success of the bus boycott (Garrow, 1968).The SCLC became involved with African-American students who sonant out their denunciation of segregated public facilities such as whites-only lunch counters. However, some students did not approve of King, Jr.s participation in their rationality (Kirk, 2007). They claimed that he was just all talk without taking real actions. He sure all the credits from the hard work of the group. He kept the money, enjoyed the fame that real belonged to others who sacrificed. This impression was furthered when he was able to spent lesser jail time compared to others who participated in sit-ins in an Atlanta department store and was arrested.They argued that King, Jr. used his mainstream solicitation to leave the jail early through presidential candidate John F. Kennedy. John F. Kennedy needed King, Jr. to reach to the black people while the black people were in doubt whether King, Jr. was still the right leader to represent them. Versions of these criticisms surrounded him all through his life.Hallmark of his success was in 1964 when he received the Nobel Peace Prize (Bull, 2000). He accepted the award in behalf of the Civil Rights Movements. Early the next year, the Nobel Peace Prize winner was back in a jail cell. Such is the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. Though intrigues, threats and violence hunted him all his life, his contri butions to free America, blacks and whites, were incomparable.ReferencesBull, Angela (2000). DK Readers Free At Last, The Story of Martin Luther King, Jr. NY Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc.Garrow, David (1968). Bearing the crossover Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. NY HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.Haskins, James (1992). The Life and Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. NY Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Company.Kirk, John (2007). Martin Luther King, Jr. and The Civil Rights Movement Controversies and Debates. NY Palgrave Macmillan.Oates, Stephen (1994). Let the horn Sound A Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. NY HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.Pastan, Amy (2004). Martin Luther King, Jr Biography. NY DK Publishing, Inc.Ruffin, Frances (2001). Martin Luther King, Jr. and the March on Washington. NY Grosset & Dunlap.Sunnemark, Fredrik (2004). Ring Out Freedom The Voice of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Making of the Civil Rights Movement. IN Indiana Universi ty Press.