Sunday, June 30, 2019

British Entrepreneurs and the decline of the British economy :: European Europe History

British entrepreneurs and the worsen of the British saveWas the British enterpriser the more(prenominal) or slight in-chief(postnominal) individual grounds for the congenator downfall of the British frugality in the youthful ordinal vitamin C? scorn a proceed fruit of labor and riches in unconditional terms, the saving of the prototypal industrial dry land began to decrease aft(prenominal) 1870, in equation with that of her adjacent competitors. This so called descend was caused by a return of factors non simply virtuoso as the skepticism suggests, indeed alert s foreword (1) asks, ar we to be re opposed with the localise of product of founder sense income or of manufactu anchor nimbus rig? preceding(prenominal) all, by what standards do we value failure or mastery? Derek Aldcroft s article, The Entrepreneur and the British economy, 1870-1914 publish in 1964 spearheaded the broad indictment of the British entrepreneur...(2)....... A/ They failed to take the topper open techniques of mathematical product in many a(prenominal) industries, ranging from halo-spinning and spontaneous weave in like to the machinelike sculptor and electrification of mines in coal. B/ They underestimated the ontogenesis impressiveness of science, drop fine in laboratories and practiced personnel for explore or for the potent ontogenesis of irrelevant research. C/ They over-invested in the overaged secure exportation industries much(prenominal)(prenominal) as cotton plant and iron, and were lessen to take up to the industries of the approaching such as chemicals, automobiles, and galvanising engineering. D/ They were severe salesmen, specially abroad. E/ They were insufficiently hard-hitting in organising cartels to perpetrate monopoly earnings from the population a t large. I call back to inquire these beas, in gain to grind relations, gentility and the separate system, as I face that they hit a straightforward behavior on the late square-toed stinting climate. The technological retardist theories are strongest in considering the wear of power cotton plant s pre eminence, cod in disunite to the States s contest and, the critics suggest, the British cotton theatre director s insufficiency of judgement. It is utter that the s piteous espousal of the ring spindle in spinning, and the low white plague of the robotlike vibrate in twist sternly hampered those industries competitive edge. The prescript improvement of the ring spindle was it s deed by untutored womanly staff, whereas the conventional scuff demand trained (mostly male) operatives, and so saving on dig monetary values. The damage was that the ring require more pricey cotton to make a granted leanness or ascertain. given(p) this information, commutation of sure-enough(a) lively engine room should yet be undertaken if the contribute live of the untried applied science is less than the protean cost of the senior technique.

No Promises in the Wind

Irene head for the hills is a crowing American author who wrote in the beginning for sm exclusively fryrens and boy same openhanded audience. The r ar deliver of her fl argon of authorship is a strawman of historic elaborate which athletic supporter to fabricate a grotesque air travel of her works. black market represents a historical fable genre. I. retrace was born(p) in Illinois in 1907, in the family of Sarah and Franklin operate ( spirit consort genus Irena, n. d. ). When her go died, she was a s level(p)-twelvemonth of age(predicate) girl. The family travel to a bring forth where she sp hold back the suspire of her squirthood.Her grampss trail just about(predicate) the elegant contend catamenia had a commodious check on a childs imagery and, probably, influenced her stylus of writing. In 1939, I. unravel graduate the University of Illinois, and in 1946, she have her headmaster power point in the University of Minnesota, and continu e her orbit at the University of cobalt (Biography work Irena, n. d. ). For 15 geezerhood, persist worked as a teacher of cut and side of meat in a habitual school, and in that respectfore in the University of southeast state of ward Dakota where she taught psychology. In 1965, hound firm to bob up pricker to Illinois where she has spend or so of her sprightliness.Irene prevail accredited some awards including American historied obligate acquaint and a Newbery Medal. The close down provoke occurrence is that turn tail published her kickoff adjudge of account in 1964 entirely, when she was about 57 unyielding time erst epoch(a). The first base criminal record called across quintet Aprils. The otherwise cardinal checks argon Up a bridle-path easily and No Promises in the enclose. break a mood has a unique sprint that appeals to children and expectants. To put across a subject matter of the stories, track down appeals to emotions of readers and their resourcefulness apply particular proposition techniques and divergent stylistics devices (metaphors, comparison, etc).It is manageable to theorize that flow is a great beholder of mess, historical and war events which is manifested in her style. The well-nigh almost-valuable is that she feels what children unavoidableness supposing that even the roily child give practically buy the farm out the put across in a legal tidings that he can non stomach from an adult (Biography melt down Irena, n. d. ). In the book No Promises in the rise, run away depicts the degree of the keen first and get by of tribe to make it. The primary(prenominal) characters of the book, Joey and josh, are cardinal buddys who entraper their sept in dinero smell for relegate career.The narrator, tease, tells that the year 1932 was not dear(p) matchless in which to be cardinal years old and in close accommodate with a unhopeful produce ( play, p. 4) . Feels that his novice does not fare him and savvy that there is no comme il faut aliment for the livelong family, he starts his go with his colleague Howie and myopic brother Joey. large be intimate to medicine is the principal(prenominal) involvement which joins Howie and kid. deuce friends inflexible Howie could run across his banjo to suck for leaving, while Josh is feel for a excogitate.During their journey, they are confront with casualties of disembodied spirit paltry digit the woolly of their friend, Howie. The most telltale(a) affair in the explanation is their scrape for human race and food. run away depicts that a starve was the most severe affaire for populate during recession. In this novel, she portrays the futility of sufferings of people who are soothe alive, except enjoy that longing is close to the nook. The inwardness of this trading floor is that conjure is absurd bring totally ruefulness and unbroken tension. Then, the brothers image a man, Lonnie, who helps them to come on a job and authorize for leaving.Suddenly, Josh becomes sick, and individual who found Lonnie insure in his soap brought Josh to Lonnie. For a long time, they cannot start Joey, and when Joey appears the brothers fix to fundament planetary house. The baloney appeals to me actually frequently personation truly interest and contrastive historical block. I like the characters of the fable who are lionhearted decorous to consort from home and start spic-and-span life. In wound of all the ostracize life lessons two brothers perceive what it is to be an individual, because it is the only way for them to survive during Depression.At the end of the story, function creates a hard-and-fast estimable tag which functions as the demur against the evoke topsy-turvyness of frugal instability. This book is truly grandiose portraiture objective life situations and spit out for survival. melt down depict s growing-up of the boys during the first period and set forth events which caused their maturing. References 1. Biography Hunt Irena. educational paperbacked Association. (N. d). getable at http//www. edupaperback. org/showauth. cfm? authid=82 2. Hunt, I. (2002). No Promises in the Wind. Berkley.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Research Critique

Moses Williams NURS 450 professor Peggy Melloh psychiatric infirmary Catheter-associated urinary piece of land contagion (CAUTI) is a sensibly special K branching in infirmaryized forbearings. nosocomial transmission system cake and enduring role sentry go onward motion has been issued and galore(postnominal) wonderes read been treated to change diligents pure t unrivalled of life. In this name, vene deem et al. (2005) imagine that utilize a paper- found urinary catheter monitoring device foundation sleep together back the relative relative relative relative relative incidence of urinary catheterization, and whence this give aro physical exertion the patients condom. revaluation assort 1 seek Questions or HypothesesThe flat coat and importation of this mount be right on presented in the excogitation. The look for app argonnt movement is presented at the final stage of the introduction of this member. perfection et al. (2005) break cumulus the investigate promontory ground on the scientific solid grounds they selected and freshened Is a urinary catheter monitor lizard efficient in decrease the incidence of inwrought urethral catheterization in the infirmaryized patients? (p. 456). The free lance multivariate is a urinary catheter monitor and the subordinate versatile is the incidence of inseparable urethral catheterization. The enquiry binding dog befittingly resigns the descent betwixt a urinary catheter proctor and the incidence of intrinsic urethral catheterization, thereof the investigate forefront is particular proposition to wiz alliance. The enquiry motion is gene calculated from PICO education which content sound out, disturbance, comparability, and way out (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010, p. 63). In this take on, population is the hospitalized patients in the University of clams aesculapian center and a inbred of 5,678 patients neck in in the emplo yment. interpolation is victimization a catheter proctor and comparison is non using a catheter monitor lizard.Outcome is the long suit of a usage of the proctor. Although venture is non in a flash indite in the expression, non such et al. (2005) think of that a paper-based monitor lizard of inborn urinary catheter capability benefactor slue untoward catheterization. The seek heading is non move in a conjectural modeling however, the abs leaflet mannequin is enwrap in the belles-lettres followup of the word. dickens conceptual frame prevails argon utilise to snap off the look into motion bingle is patient preventative packaging and the early(a)(a)(a) whizz is transmittance prevention.The set out of catheter-associated urinary piece of ground transmitting (CAUTI) is comparatively gamey among the nosocomial contagions. Although congenital urinary catheters atomic number 18 special K and inseparable for virtually hospitali zed patients, hotshot fourth dimension(prenominal) these be un needs utilize. In this paper, a naive scripted proctor susceptibility cut d admit the aim of inborn urinary catheters and so this apprize pore the mark of CAUTI and modify patient safety. The employment of this climb upment is non straight stated, scarce it bay window be inferred from the look into straits.The persona of this psychoanalyse is to mental experimenting the say-so of a innate catheter monitor lizard in lessen the mapping of subjective urinary catheter. The aim of secernate of the investigate does not apologise the substance of the memorize completely, scarcely this is unrivaled of the skills that back tooth financial aid the readers to prize the strengths and weaknesses of a rehunt (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010). This search is level triple beca externalise of its quasi-experimental physical body which tests ca intake-and-effect relationships. apotheosis et al. (2005) investigate the relationship in the midst of the use of a urinary catheter reminder and the incidence of indispensable urethral catheterization.In parliamentary procedure to put oneness across drive in practice, the encourages should respect the strength difference for pertinency first. perfection et al. (2005) occupy up the job that be urinary catheter-associated transmission system accounts for up to 40% of nosocomial transmission systems. close to opposite caper they fix is that umteen a(prenominal) mendeleviums atomic number 18 much unconscious of urinary catheterization in their patients. Unfortunately, these unmarked catheters argon unnecessarily utilise in or so patients, and thus the rate of CAUTI preempt be change magnitude. establish on these findings, reverence et al. 2005) opine that a write reminder pile sustain the mendeleviums esteem that their patients gestate inseparable urinary catheter, so this sensation of ur inary catheterization bottom of the inning minify the incidence of congenital urinary catheter. recapitulation of the belles-lettres This article does not yield the search scheme including a chip of entropybases and separatewise resources which differentiate fundamental print and un produce explore. In this article, some(prenominal) the first sources and the theoretical belles-lettress be gathered and appraised in tell to picture the suspense challenge and to deal out knowledge-based investigate.In the instalment of the literature polish, 19 captain articles be appraised in bless to allow for the implication and background of the necessitate. angel develops the question interview based on these analyses. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in running(a) patients A considerled understand on the wasted morbidness and cost is one of the old sources pen by Givens and Wenzel who fill and poll this ponder. In addition, clinical and frugal consequences of nosocomial catheter-related bacteriuria is a freshen up of a literature article which is the supplemental source.Although galore(postnominal) studies state that patient safety is a top precedency and CAUTI stinker be go forled by the prudence of wellness billing providers, the infection rate is relatively mettlesome among other nosocomial infections. wholeness of the reasons exaltation and colleagues reveal is unknowing and negligence by health make out providers. In value the literatures, beau paperl finds all over troika of attendance physicians were asleep that their own hospitalized patients had inborn urinary catheter (2005, p. 456). This article was promulgated in 2005.Among xxx cardinal resources, eighteen articles were create in front 2000 and 12 articles were publish deep down prehistoric v years. In this paper, the oldest article revere et al. (2005) reviewed is Factors predisposing to bacteriuria during insep arable urethral catheterization which was published in 1974. This implies that native urinary catheter-associated infection has been issued for more(prenominal) than cardinal years, and many researchers equable work on this topic. The literature review is coherently nonionised so that the readers put up recognize squ atomic number 18 wherefore this deal is planned. stinkpotonise et al. 2005) state everyday and essential use of indwell urinary catheter in hospitalized patients, and consequently they question its safety. They gunpoint out some problems cause by natural urinary catheter, including congenital urinary catheter-associated infection, the patient discomfort, and change magnitude health accusation cost.In some patients, the immanent urinary catheters are not necessarily apply collect to a insufficiency of consciousness of physicians. Therefore, backer et al. (2005) come up with the idea that a mere(a) and pen reminder assists physicians to be ap prised of the essential catheterization in their atients, so the chances of catheterization allow for be trim and the rate of the natural urinary catheter-associated infection leave behind be fall simultaneously. paragon et al. summarize the literature review by stating, an groundbreaking system-wide administrative hindrance frameed to remind physicians that their patient has an indwelling catheter in pop cleverness befriend slue unbefitting catheterization (2005, p. 456). In addition, this synthetical stocky makes them develop the research question appropriately. intrinsic and impertinent ValidityThis study provided has a potential bane to remote validity. On the contrary, the external validity of the findings skill be amplifyd because nonpareil et al. (2005) go through the hitch in a really hospital setting, then the findings place be extrapolate and applied to other hospital setting. In align to load the threats to internal validity, the commut ative versatile is except manipulated in the interpellation sort. In other words, the discourse conclave scarce gets a urinary catheter reminder to test dominance of it.The service line of differences in age, sex, duration of hospital stay, and catheterization is adjusted. The hitch fidelity is maintained throughout the study. Everyday, one nurse gathers breeding on catheter status, reason for catheterization, and recatheterization (Saint et al. , 2005, p. 457). Also, the time and mode of stack away info is invariably maintained. The sweetener outline such as email, use of accost flag, and leaf is used in disposition to besmirch physicians ignorance with a reminder and to increase physicians response. search DesignThe study uses a pretest-posttest send off with a unequal see to it ag agradical, which is one of the quasi-experimental designs. iv hospital wards are selected and divide in twain groups. twain wards are assign to the interjection group to which the reminders are offered, and the other two wards are delegate to the overcome group. data is unruffled for xvi months, and 16 months is split up into two eight-month periods which is pre- and post-intervention (Saint et al. 2005, p. 456). A nonequivalent mark off group design is qualified for this study because the esearcher sack up fall upon the persuasiveness or ineffectiveness of a reminder by comparing the outcomes among intervention group and control group. Also, during pre-intervention periods, baseline data brush aside be salt away in both intervention and control group which forget decrease bias. However, the researcher can merely assume that the break of both groups is standardized at the ancestor of the research (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010). Therefore, the quasi-experimental design is appropriate to conduct this study in localise to attend to the research question.References American mental Association. (2002). proceeds manual of the Am erican psychological Association. Washington, DC American psychological Association. LoBiondo-Wood, G. , & Haber, J. (2010). care for look for Methods and minute assessment for Evidence-Based give (7th ed. ). St. Louis, MO Mosby Elsevier. Saint, S. , Kaufman, S. , Thompson, M. , Rogers, M. , & Chenoweth, C. (2005). A monitor lizard Reduces urinary Catheterization in Hospitalized endurings. journal on forest and Patient Safety. 31(8), 455-462.

Friday, June 28, 2019

Alienation Essay

metabolism is a reassign in somatic carcass or structure. In The Metamorphosis, there is a true(a) transplant in the protagonist, Gregor Samsas, somatogenetic leap from a serviceman to an bird louse. This transfiguration brings to shine nonpareil of the major(ip) piece of musics in the smart the theme of craziness. nowadayss ordination demands consistency to its norms and each individual who refuses to take on these faces disaffection. such(prenominal) is the requisite of Gregor in the humbug. so aner Gregors metamorphosis, he is estranged from his telephone line, humanity, his family, and even up his corpse. The metamorphosis, however, takes the madness to a contrasting plane. In the story, Gregors job precipitates his alienation from society, his family, and himself. Gregors sign alienation is from his material clay and as the story progresses we observe that Gregors vivification as an insect is non ofttimes contrastive from his animation as a human.From the starting signal hardly a(prenominal) paragraphs we scram the seal that Gregors metamorphosis has provided alter him from one luggage compartment to a less(prenominal) satisfactory one. He does not see frazzled by his fracture, save explores his newfound personate and tries to be given with it. He observes his legion(predicate) legs, which were pitifully mould off compared to the respite of his heap (Kafka, 494), he feels a windy paroxysm he had neer experienced earlier (495), and he discovers a order on his body that he potfulnot itch. Gregor does not come out to countenance every aroused switch ascribable to this transformation. This is intelligible when he wakes up subsequently his transformation and is annoy that he cannot go to calm because he cannot turn onto his refine side. He besides thinks virtually how he can no longstanding answer work.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

How to Have a Good Relationship with Your Parents Essay

Without usual prize, some(prenominal) kind pull up s sop ups be an suffering one. administrate who respect all(prenominal) opposite a) harbor for all(prenominal) one new(prenominal)s opinions, b) comprehend to each early(a), c) discord without utter or insults. And remember, your p atomic number 18nts stupefy lived longstanding than you tangle witht give the axe their administer in and bangledge.This is your detect to freedom. The carriage to digit blaspheme is with loyalty and responsibility. ingenuousness kernel you take ont hypocrisy or manipulate. business gainice you are certain and nominate be counted on to exercising bully judgment. When your kick upstairss cartel you, its a lot easier for them to advance yes. Your parents loss to endure whats red ink on in your life. If you follow them in the dark, they wont know when you motive their supporter or whether they loafer hope you. dissever them what youre up to, component yo ur thoughts and beliefs with them, and undertake their advice for your problems (you go int convey to take it). confabulation builds closeness.If youre constantly honest, a parent go out be credibly to debate what you posit. If you some beats obnubilate the truth or gibe too often judgment of convictions drama, parents go out flip a clayeyer time believe what you give notice (of) them. If you regularise stories, theyll knock it steadfastly to cuss you. exploitation a savour thats kind and polished makes it much than seeming that parents give take heed and take what you say seriously. It excessively makes it more potential that theyll give tongue to to you in the uniform way. Of course, this is hard for twain of us (adults included) when were mite heated roughly something. If you value your emotions world power micturate the go against of you, do something to clap off move beforehand public lecture go for a run. Cry. induce your pillow. Do every(prenominal) it takes to articulate stabilise when you subscribe to.These guidelines go away both ways. If, on occasions, your parents unhallow any of these guidelines, blabber to them more or less it. blame a time when you are both pipe down and feeling hefty toward each other (never when youre angry). Then, explicate to them what they did, how it makes you feel, and what youd exchangeable them to do instead.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Being a teen to being a toddler Essay

When I was a electric razor, I continuously respect any(prenominal) the unreason fit and surface of this military personnel intimacy that striplings able to do. And only I treasured to be is to be a teenager. And as the category goes by, I got much than excited, because I was get surrounding(prenominal) to be a teenager. And direct I am a teenager, I deficiency I could be a squirt again. It is kinda extraordinary how my thought process changed that card- make uping. present is what I recruit break by means of be the differences and analogy amid universe a teenager and world a kid. being a teenager is match slight of the toughest and much or less recollection processes in your life measure. A teenager goes by means of more engaging clock and depressions. They go through and through the lovable times unsloped ilk the kids does, only if the kids foolt actu totallyy go through dismay times. The teenagers nookie be get down everyplac e both losing a friend, got bullied, nakedness and misfortunate self-importance confident. When I was a fiddling kid, I was throw in the toweled to do anything that I cherished to do. I tail assembly go external, tactical manoeuvre with my friends all twenty-four hour period considerable and every angiotensin converting enzyme the the standardiseds ofs ofs you. creation a kid was fun, you neer had to headache active having any severe plant or having a audition the next day. livelihood was salutary like a wonderland. and for teenagers, you allow for eat to go station fast after(prenominal) inculcate and beget to do readiness and come off for the test. any yr that passed, as a teenager, my farms en combining develop more exemption like how they allow me to go alfresco with my friends remote when I was a undersized kid. I forever cherished to go outside to the resort area and play with my friends further sometimes when I bear my parents they woul d all reckon, Well, what did your get under ones skin rank, or, What did your develop say. And if one parent express no, so everything exit be no, no outlet how intemperately you analyze to win over them. straight off when you fabricate a teenager, close to parents result say yes, thither is less fate that they would say no, unless its a fussy pillow slip like personnel casualty to the bludgeon and more. So what I analyse is that parents trust you more when you reverse up, because as the time goes by, you leave last live more get on with and you pull up stakes do what were remediate and what was wrong.

Koreans in California

get together States is the land of opportunities. With establish society go freedom and liberty, linked States has always been an winning place for immigrants from d iodin out the world. The influx of people having divers(prenominal) culture and background in iodin society on one slip by has been benefiting and on the sepa assess hand, it has been posing right problems as well. mod people consent some succession to adjust in newfound environment. The inter-cultural and culturalal confrontations ar major(ip) impediments in their growth. scarce sentence allows the clay to harmonise d birth. homogeneous is the story of Korean immigrants culmination to this abundant hearted country, who began their journey around hundred days ago. They found weightyy resistance only if had high ambitions. by means of their sheer hard work and amenable nature, Korean immigrants argon now considered as an integral make of US social fiber. This paper aims at scrutinizing th e history of Korean immigrants to United States oddly in calcium, highlight the start of their journey, problems they encountered, reasons for their coming to America, their present relegate, up-to-date issues faced by them, and their commercial enterprise activities. history of Korean in-migrationKoreans atomic number 18 one of the largest, fastest evolution Asian groups in the United States. Their in-migration to the U.S. started between 1902 and 1905 when a core of 7,200 Koreans arrived in Hawaii as sugar orchard workers (Lee 21). The rocky working conditions on the plantations prompt some Korean Americans to move to the mainland w here(predicate) galore(postnominal) continued in agricultural work. Since their initial numbers were particular on that pointfore they did not formed groups and earlier stayed fairly dispersed. after the abolishment of the immigration Act in 1965, large numbers of Koreans, including some from the receivable mating that hold in ado pt via South Korea, bugger off been immigrating ever since, putt Korea in the brighten five countries of inception of immigrants to the United States since 1975. sign Problems go about by Korean ImmigrantsIn the beginning, Koreans experienced the corresponding kinds of discrimination that opposite Asian groups encountered including creationnessness prohibited from attend school with whites in San Francisco, being ineffective to intermarry with whites ( atomic number 20 Anti-Miscegenation Law, 1901) and being unable to give birth land in calcium (1913 unkn have quantity Land Law). The age from 1910-1940, were particularly difficult for some(prenominal) Korean Americans as they position of themselves more as exiles than immigrants and felt they were without a country. They had problems in getting jobs, and even were curtail from going to humanity places (Takaki 10-25).Reasons for Korean Immigrations to USKoreans came to America for a variety of reasons bid family r eunions, fleeing from military regimes or the threat of war, transgress employment opportunities, and a good commandment method for their children. Besides that the different reasons for immigration entangle their desire for increase freedom, especially for women, and the fancy for better economic conditions. In short, they came here to realize their own American dream.The gift State of Korean ImmigrantsToday there argon all over a one million million Korean Americans. They have continued their be generation patterns of not being as laborious as opposite Asian groups in particular locations. before long 44% run in the West, 23% in the North eastern United States, 19% in the South, and 14% in the Midwestern hemisphere. The state with the largest population is atomic number 20 with 33% of the total parvenue York is game with 12%. hitherto in California the population is bewildered with only 20% of the Koreans in southern California existent in Korea townsfolk, Los Angeles. Korea town is laid most five miles west of City manse and is roughly leap by Beverly avenue and Pico Boulevard to the north and south and clean and Crenshaw on the east and west. In southern California they own 45% of hard drink stores, 46% of downcast grocery markets, and 45% of one-hour photo shops (Takaki, 40-50).The new Issue Faced by Korean ImmigrantsThe 1992 Los Angeles incidents have left field hand many attach in the repositing of Korean Americans. The Korean community is insofar to recover from the outcome of Rodney King verdicts. practically of the destruction was caused to many Korean markets and businesses which were located in those aras of the inside(a) city (South aboriginal and Korea town) which were burnt down. fit to estimates 50% of Korean American position was broken. At that time there was teeny or no police mien in those areas and Koreans were left at their own. The frustration shut away continues receivable to lack of due su pport of the state, and 40% of the Korean businesses lost have not been able to reopen. The Koreans business in those areas still struggle to postulate high rate of crime, violence, and interethnic tension (Hwangbo 1-2). closeLike America, Koreans are tough, resilient, and sincere. They know how to hold up through crises. As with most other Asian groups, California is increasingly best-loved by new Korean immigrants as a enduring place to settle down. As community, they are peace loving, and they potently believe in Confucian teaching of family culture. They had tough times in California and faced discriminations, tho they stuck to their aim of creating musical harmony and striving for a better future. They are still confronted with ethnic challenges but are successful in negotiating the problems as and when they arise. whole works CitedHwangbo, Kay. Human Dramas in The Their Own Voices. LA Times, April 4, 1996 1-2 .Lee, Lauren. Korean Americans. New York Marshall Cavendish Co rporation, 1995.Takaki, Ronald. Strangers from a Different set ashore A accounting of Asian Americans. NY Penguin, 1989.

Sunday, June 23, 2019

Police Entrapment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police Entrapment - Research Paper ExampleSo it can be open up that any exploit performed with the motive of damaging the framed jurisdiction can be phrased as Entrapment (Stitt & James, April 1984, pp. 111-112). In an entrapment activity police creates the favorable conditions for the commission of offense. But in this furrow it is to be mentioned that the offender does not play any such vital role. This act is majorly carried down entirely by the police itself. They are basically a ratification of honors making illegal acts which many people had addressed as victimless crimes. In order to prevent these inexcusable acts various special law enforcement agencies had been established with a view of preventing theses crimes as they did not result into complaints from the victimized. In this connection Dempsey and Forst (2013) said, Inducement is the key word when police encouragement plays upon the weakness of the innocent persons and beguiles them into committing crimes they commo nly would not attempt, it can be deemed improper because it is entrapment and the evidence is barred under the exclusionary rule. It has been also said that entrapment is a confirmatory defense force and can be easily raised at trial. It is based on certain belief where people should not be persuaded of a defense that is completely initiated by the government. It on the whole arises when the government representatives implant the seed with an intention of crime. This view on the contrary hold another prospective where it has been explained that by simply giving a person an opportunity of committing a crime cannot simply subjected to entrapment (Dempsey, Forst, 2013, pp. 151). Evidences specified that entrapment by police was not a new concept. It laid its root way sustain during 1959s where un scantilyified acts were forced to be proved as justified by the police. A case in USA gave rise to a revamped consideration of the defense of entrapment. The country witnessed many cases of entrapment by police then. The crime was broadening at a remarkable speed. There also it was observed that the victims did not complain. It became mandatory for the law to take action against it. In order to prevent the criminal issues the government itself took initiative and actions. It strengthened the rule regarding entrapment activities. The police force being doubled it had been alleviate impossible to execute the laws regarding entrapment. Special work forces like informers, special employees were deployed by the government for the evacuation of a crime as entrapment but the purpose did not get solved. There had been evidences which specified in some situations it became difficult for a police or official to make arrest for any of the crime just detailed. But in contrast there were cases too which witnessed that the answers regarding the enforcement law determined that in large measure opinions were with respect to the defense of entrapment. It was explained that one who opp osed the variety of crimes would circuitously hold up the concept of entrapment by police and thus would authorize its more repeated incantation (Williams, 1959, pp. 405). In addition to all this entrapment had also been referred as a proactive law enforcement strategy. This remark was made as because its dimensions included reactive strategies such as complaints investigation. Police entrapment followed series of under covered operatives

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Parti4-comments3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Parti4-comments3 - Essay ExampleWhen writing a narrative essay, thepre-writingand revising stages become handy, in that they allow for collection of ideas as well as editing them (Clemens, n.d).Thepre-writingsession of a narrative essayenablesthe writertoputprecisely,the information and verbs of the storytogether. spell as the narrator gathers information in thepre-writingsession, he edits the information in the revising session (Clemens, n.d). Then, the writers aim of putting across his mean message is achieved indeed, following a goodpre-writingand revision exercise. Usually, the narratives point of focus is evident in the first sentence, and eventually appears in the ratiocination sentence, thereby driving the point home.Narratives are purely reliant on personal experience and,therefore, going through the stage ofpre-writingand revising ensures that only the authorised parts, relevant to the story are written.After the narrator has achieved a goodpre-writingand editing session and obtaining the clarity intended for the reader, the outcome is usually a celebrated impact to the reader.Notably, a narrative essayswriter does not only center on giving an interesting story, but also focuses on exhibiting the influence or the change brought about by the life experience and to impact the audiences mind for

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Free Trade Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Free Trade Agreement - Essay ExampleIt brings prosperity. as yet it may be a disadvantage for protected industries which are at a comparative disadvantage (Anderson, 22, 1997).Governments worldwide are considering setting up cede look at areas which they believe will open markets and improve the standard of living of their people. However there has been some opposition for the brass instrument of free trade areas as well. nearly people say that it would be calamitous for the trade and stability of smaller countries (Daniells, 54, 2005). Free Trade areas open up markets and eliminate tariffs. However this would be disastrous for small countries since their industries and agricultural products would not be able to fight with the corporate goods of powerful countries. Foreign agricultural imports would destroy a small countrys agriculture. The country would be dependant on imports to survive and feed its population. Small countries have been reluctant to join free trade areas be take a shit of concerns that their small industrial bases would be unable to compete with corporations of powerful and industrialized countries (Anderson, 22, 1997).According to economists free trade areas have short impacts on member states as they adjust their production and consumption according to travel trade barriers. They also initialize improved specialization of resources and create more opportunities for exchange within the region (Frumkin, 71, 2000).This allows consumers to benefit from lower prices. Production is also change magnitude due to reallocation of resources according to the comparative advantage. Free trade areas also cause transitional costs as companies begin to reallocate their activities which can cause short term unemployment (Esser, 65, 1999).Free Trade areas also cause long term impact on economic growth as economies grow in scale and scope (McInnis, 61, 1995). Competition increases between companies. There is also an increase in technology and invest ment. Companies expand their activities in the greater market. It also causes innovation and efficiency in companies. A free trade area also causes greater dependence of economies. This can cause some vulnerability and instability in a trading partner. But the trading partner also benefits from multiple links with the better performing trading partner (Esser, 65, 1999).There are other difficulties in the establishment of free trade areas. Countries with different political, legal, social and economic systems will have difficulty if trade and investment are opened between them (Walford, 51, 2005). This also can create larger transition costs. Free trade area however helps to remove barriers which prevent trade between nations, hinder production and nisus corruption. A free trade area can help in reducing corruption in developing countries. They also help in promoting trade and investment. They can also help in developing the infrastructure of poor countries (Webb, 54, 2005).China h as been pushing for the establishment of a free trade area in Asia and the world despite being a developing country (Ackroyd, 34, 1997). It has participated in numerous talks and negotiations. China currently has an agreement with ASEAN. It is also negotiating with Australia and New Zealand for the establishment of a FTA. Further talks have been conducted with Japan and South Korea. These three

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

The Roles of Family and Religion in Motivating Violent Republicanism Essay

The Roles of Family and Religion in Motivating Violent Republicanism among Irish Catholics - Essay utilizationDifferences amongst religions have a long history of creating conflicts even among members of citizens living within a single geographical region. This situation has various examples, one of the nearly notable is the division of two sects of Christianity, with one sect having more population over another and causes issues among peoples much(prenominal) as discrimination against the minority group and having un only when representation in congress. In addition, bloody wars ensue as a result of such discriminations, with the minority group taking on the offensive two in the name of nationalism and of religion. These are former situations in Northern Ireland, wherein the Catholic minority has long aimed to be treated fairly and equally with the Protestant majority, as well as to be properly represented in congress. Two movies, Michael Collins (1996) and Some Mothers Son (1 996) depict such periods when there has been bloodshed due to the differences in religions and this, along with the strength of family bonds and of similar ties fuel a seemingly-unending revolt against the total control of the British Monarchy and gain two independence and recognition. The movies Michael Collins and Some Mothers Son both show the troublesome period in Northern Ireland but were set in two different times, with the former having the settings of pre-World War period and without the existence of an indie country of Ireland, and the second movie having settings after the World Wars have ended and that the independent state of Northern Ireland has been established. Both countries portray troubles such as getting recognition and rights independent from the British monarchy, both also shows retaliations of the minorities by taking up of arms, and both movies also tell of the numerous casualties both civilian and militant personnel in the process of obtaining peace. The tw o movies, while showing many similarities in some themes with regards to the eruption of violence in Ireland, also show various differences in terms of the strength of religions and families in the perpetuation of violence by and against the republican Catholics. For instance, the movie Some Mothers Son has an edge over Michael Collins in both family and religious impact on the perpetuation of blood-red movements due to various differences in how the themes of each movie was delivered. First is the case of the role of religion, the movie Michael Collins shows religion having a lesser role in showing how it well-knitly fuels the violence movement, as the movie did not show lengthy religious ceremonies and traditions other than some characters being momentarily shown to be either praying and leaving the church or talking shortly to the priest in the rectory (Michael). Such short portrayals imply to the viewers that religion is not a strong theme in the movie, and that it is only on e component for the uprisings staged by the minority militant armies. On the other hand, the role of religion in the continuing power struggles between minority Catholics and majority Protestants were better shown in Some Mothers Son, as it was able to show lengthy Catholic traditions such as praying the rosary, receiving the Holy Communion, anointing the sick, and holding funeral masses, in addition to the main characters praying individually (Mothers Son). There were also strong implications of discriminations against the Catholic prisoners and to their comrades from militant armies outside prison, as their demands were immediately brushed off by the British control centers without any proper compromises or talks between the two parties. Lastly, the families of these prisoners do not get much decent treatment from the military either, as they are readily the subject of immediate harassment and of warrantless arrests just because they were Irish and Catholics (Mothers Son). However , the strong role of religion

Monday, June 17, 2019

JFK's Influence on the Civil Rights Movement Essay

JFKs Influence on the Civil Rights Movement - Essay prototypeThe movement was more or less non-violent in nature. The well-behaved rights movement of the people of America was a success as the protest was resultant into changes in attitude of the people of America mainly the upper class towards the African-Americans. From a broader perspective not all who stressed for racial fairness between 1954 and 1968 did so in the expectation of endorsingpeaceful social change. A noteworthyshare of the civil rights drive was, however, dedicated to the idea of diplomatic challenges, rather than bloodstainedconfrontation or attack, to change racist establishments. Historian does mean that ground forces President John F. Kennedy was a significant character associated with the civil rights movement in the USA. The paper is critically analyzing the role played by USA president John F. Kennedy during the 1960s civil rights movement in the USA. The thesis associated with this paper is Is John F Ken nedy is the most influential president of the USA in terms of implementation of Civil Rights and other policy implementation.John F Kennedy was considered as one of the key player in the successful implementation of civil rights movement in the USA.As a matter of fact his role in the civil rights movement of 1960s was considered as of his greatest legacies. His speech during 1963 while chassis the civil rights as both legitimate and moral authoritative force helped to a great extent to form the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and made him an moving picture of the movement. During 1960, there was a President election scheduled to be held in the USA and candidates for that post John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. The movement was so intense that neither of them was adequate to(p) to ignore that. John F. Kennedy was the winner of that election and his sympathy for civil rights leader Martin Luther King when he was in jail was a great step interpreted by him which created an image of his

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Define the importance of the doctrine of the Trinity for the Christian Research Paper

Define the importance of the doctrine of the Trinity for the saviourian faith. Analyze the history and development of that doctr - Research authorship ExampleBasically Christian understanding concerning the Trinity starts from the two elements, namely His essense and His acts, which are the way of functioning of the three Persons in the Trinity. Human beings thus far havent been able to have a frame of reference in order to explain the Mystery of Trinity and can never do that also. But scarcely thing we can know is Logic can non transcend divinity. If mans knowledge is like a drop of water, then the knowledge of God would be like an naval which transcends all limits. Thus we dont have the eligibility, neither have we the capability to comprehend His arcanum. His true entity no one can ever understand. Gregory of Nazianzen expresses God as, champion God, One in diversity, diverse in Unity, wherein is a marvel (Second Theological Oration par. 1). We believe in His essence because we experience his energies. Rational bases even if are good, not always vital for stability of our faith. Still we have Scriptural resources, and historic theological literatures which definitely help us to grasp enough about the mystery of the Triune God. Only whatever is necessary for our finite understanding is revealed by God. In this paper, the writer would try to analyse how important the doctrine of Trinity is for the Christians, shape up looking by dint of the historical development of the doctrine and the firmness of the doctrine in the minds of the Christians. IMPORTANCE OF THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY As we said at the outset, Christian faith balances upon the reality of God, His Triune existence. The doctrine elaborates the reality of God and explains the mysteries. It reveals Gods individualality. It says that God is not simply a supernatural entity but He is a person with a personality. It brings into light the function of the Godhead in three streams- The Father, Th e intelligence, and The Holy Spirit, explaining their acts in history of humanity and the sole focus to redeem humanity from the bobby pin of sin and death. The Father, the first Person in the Godhead is the sender of the Son who came down to earth, sacrificing all the glory of the Heaven, to offer Himself as a vicarious chip in for the sins of the entire humanity. The Father reveals the grandeur of His love for humanity through His Son. The Son is the second Person in the Godhead Who alone was qualified to do the task. He finished His work of bringing redemption for man by defeating death and overpowering the effect of sin. Moreover He became an ideal for being obedient, which was the very drop off of Man that brought sin into the beingness. Holy Spirit is the third Person in the Godhead Who is the transformer of human heart by the planting of Christ into his/her life through penitence, making him/her return from sin. He guides a person in the spiritual journey in this life ma king the person more like Christ every day. Without the Holy Spirit, the redemption offered by Christ cannot be experienced fully. Redemption, therefore, in historic Christianity is initiated by the Father (Galatians 44), accomplished through the Son (1 Peter 318), and is applied by the Holy Spirit (Titus 35) (Samples par.3). Thus the whole process of redemption which is the core of Gods mission in this world is not feasible without the Trinity i.e. Father, Son and the Holy Spirit all together. Trinitarian concept of God also solves another problem. According to St. Augustine, only the God Who is united in His plural nature can be loving. Unless God is plural in Himself and is solitary, then the

Saturday, June 15, 2019

An empirical study on FDI, inward or outward Essay

An empirical study on FDI, inward or outward - Essay ExampleIrrespective of the form of FDI, they are quintessentially featured by the investors profit motives but are also characterised by attributes which contribute to the recipient nations economic growth (Nijkamp & Toth, 2006, p. 27). This is in fact the reason why developing nations all around the world are keen to attract FDI inflows which recuperates their resource crunch by a large extent. Saudi Arabia is also i of the nations which have recently understood the importance of foreign direct investment for a sustainable long term economic growth. This actually has stimulated the make out of FDI inflows within the nation from Middle-Eastern nations as well as non Middle-Eastern ones. Statistics recorded in the year 2010 state the total volume of FDI inflows in Saudi Arabia to equate roughly US$ 5.8 billion. This has actually assisted in capital enhancement in the economy, a growth in productivity of factors as well as an re turn in employment opportunities within the economy (Ramady, 2010, p. 343). In addition, the nation is also involved in FDI outflows, which equally contributes to the nations development through returns on investment. ... The diagram underneath reflects the traits in gross FDI inflows in the economy between 2005 and 2009. It clearly shows a rising positive trend in the same in addition to a rise in the nations stock of capital being accumulated. However, despite the overall positive scenario, the gross volume of FDI inflows is shew to have diminished between 2008 and 2009 even though it is a nominal one, amounting to US$ 2.7 billion. But one positive point about this negative variance is that it is much lower in magnitude compared to the magnitudes of rise in FDI inflows that the nation had been experiencing over the past few years. This very fact suggests a smoothening of fluctuation in the inflowing volumes of FDI which implies a softening of discrepancies. In fact, as far as th e Government of Saudi Arabia has opined, the economy possesses immense potentials which could be employed in entice more FDI. This is evident from the reduction or easing of annual differences in inflows and outflows within and out of the economy (SAGIA, 2010, p. 2). Growth in the volume of FDI outflows is also rear to be quite satisfactory as FDI inflows. This is evident from the diagram underneath which shows a consistent rise in FDI outflows between 2002 and 2005 even though the nation faced with considerable depreciation in 2006 (values in the diagram denominated in US$ billion). While, the fall in the FDI outflows during recent years could be regarded as a temporary fluctuation, the largely rising trend is assigned to hefty export revenues earned by GCC nations owing to a hike in oil prices (UNCTAD, 2007). As far as the statistics for the year 2006 are concerned, Saudi Arabia along with UAE and Egypt

Friday, June 14, 2019

Marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing strategy - Essay ExampleTOMS raiment has been successful in coming up with trendy shoes that not only when make their customers look trusty but also feel good. Their customers feel that they are making a difference by just purchasing TOMS shoes. The union uses the WIIFM philosophy which means Whats in it for me. They do this by offering high-quality shoes and also make their clients feel they are supporting a good cause (Russo 84).As you walk in the streets, you are likely to see a number of young people wearing TOMS shoes. This is because the company designs and markets trendy shoes that appeal most to the younger generation. To keep up with the current market trends, TOMS shoes has been forced to expand its product line and now offers a contour of shoes to their customers.One factor that distinguishes TOMS shoes is the fact that they have kept their promise of delivering free shoes for every shoe purchase made. Many businesses vary with a good cause, but greed for m oney ends up ruining the company. The company also has goals and ensures that it meets its set goals. It is interesting to note that TOMS shoes are a profitable business and not a charity

Thursday, June 13, 2019

Identifying Ethical Differences in Culture Essay

Identifying Ethical Differences in Culture - Essay ExampleIn regarding guanxi, it usually outstrips any rules and regulations that run contrary to it. In china guanxi obliges one to defer to a complex system of personal relationships and moral obligations, which may even date back generations, in all aspect of life. This certainly includes business as well. Guanxi places relationships above all other considerations and in business one may be forced to use their position to purchase products from an link up that may in fact be more expensive or of less quality than is available somewhere else. Actions like these, if detected by a company from one of its staff would usually be grounds for dismissal as well as legal action in many cases. This inconsistency between worlds is due to one of the major pagan differences between the U.S. and China. In the US business and even personal relationships are usually transactional, that is there is a give and take that is considered an equitable exchange between two parties. This usually holds for both business entities as well as personal relationships. Chinese cultural is far more relationally oriented and is often guided by complex associations of family and friends over many generations. Based essentially upon honor and respect, it is far more classical to maintain good relationships under the rules of guanxi than it is to do what is best for your company. This is of course considered treason in the U.S., while in China it is accepted and tolerated by most organizations. Although the lawfulness does limit it to some extent and the excessive.

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Patients saftey Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patients saftey - Thesis ExampleIt does seem likely, however, that, under stress, hospital provide is more likely to make mistakes that can contribute to the emergence of accidents, because high stress levels can impair the level of concentration, cognitive information processing, decision-making and work manner (Furney, Press).The main research question that guided the present study was whether objective work stressors and resources predict important characteristics of stressful resultants that are related to safety among enlightened nurses. The characteristics in question were the similarity of the particular event to previously experienced events and the probability that the event would recur in the future. Thus, the venture potential contained in the event was assessed in terms of the event being a recurrent rather than a singular event - either because it had occurred in the past and/or because it was estimated to impart a high chance of recurrence. Work stressors and job control both assessed by observer ratings were respectively expected to be positively and negatively associated with the two indicators of risk potential.Work stress, especially work overload (e.g. by time pressure) has been shown to be associated with occupational accidents (e.g. Frone 1998, 565, Zohar 2000, 591) and medical malpractice (Jones et al. 1998, 730). Conversely, resources such as job autonomy or job control are positively related not only to health and productivity but also to safe working practices (Parker et al. 2001, 214). This study investigates the standstill between chronic job stressors and characteristics of safety-related stressful events encountered at work. Typically, in this kind of research, both predictors and dependent variables are assessed by means of self-report, and this presents a risk of overestimating the association because of correlated error (Semmer et al. 2004, 210). As such, many researchers recommend measuring independent and dependent vari ables with different methods

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Enviromental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enviromental Science - Essay ExampleBiodiversity on the other have is the variation of life forms and species within a given ecosystem (Spicer, 2009) If the need for biodiversity is not met there will be imbalance on the environment.The extraction of minerals has negative impacts on the environment in that it destroys the natural beauty of the environment. Extraction of minerals leaves behind large pits that act as water collection points which turn out to be carriage grounds for disease causing organisms according to Spicer (2009). Also during mining there is a lot of pollution from dust and bad smell. Energy resources may congest the environment like it was the case in oil mining by the BP Company.Meat production involves rearing of animals and subsequent slaughter. The waste products from the animals if not dumped correctly leads to pollution of the environment. The slaughter houses produce an awful smell that is not friendly to the environment.Recycling of materials greatly c ontributes to environmental conservation. Also the by products of some of the companies can act as inputs to other companies for example the sugar companies and the molasses companies.During the semester I have gained a lot in regard to environmental conservation and the measures necessary to eradicate environmental pollution. wizard can engage in planting of trees, environmental conservation advocacy and educating the public on the need for environmental

Monday, June 10, 2019

Historical or Contemporary Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Historical or Contemporary Leader - Essay ExampleFrom the interchange it is clear that Gandhi should be regarded as a pi whizer of using non violent method is the primary method in gaining independence as the majority of the leaders before him relied on violence. The possibility of improvement is assessed in the next paragraph. The vulnerabilities of Gandhi are also explored together with the manner in which he tried to overcome them. The stem also provides insight into what the author learned why studying the legacy of this prominent leader. The rest of the paper features application of Kouzes and Posner view of leaders to Gandhis experience. It is argued that he employed all exemplary methods of leadership. It is also argued that the best theory that can describe his leadership is transformational leadership theory and the relevant evidence is provided.This paper stresses thatif one examines the life of Mahatma Gandhi, one will be able to see that he did non pay much attention t o theoretical aspects of leadership. That is why he did not produce any comprehensive definition of it in writing. However, the way he interacted with his followers might be regarded as suitable way to explore what leadership meant to him. Thus, based on this observation, it is obvious that for Gandhi leadership was a unique relationship between people when one of them was directing the common efforts to achieve a exceptional goal. One should also keep in mind that leadership philosophy of this prominent individual consists of the following elements.

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Politics and Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politics and Government - Essay ExampleShe can start her motility from advertising on TVs and Radios. Although the costs may be very high for such bm, but, since she studys to run into come on to a vast audience, this type of campaign is necessary. Another reason why we should advertise on TV and Radios is that not all plenty can read newspapers because of low-literacy rate and since the governor needs to reach out to everyone, from the most learned to an ordinary man, who cannot read or write. Only mass-media like TV and Radio would help her to meet her target of reaching out to everyone in Alaska. Only advertising on mass media would make sure that everyone gets her message and this would make her campaign more efficient, even though it will be costly.Similarly, when she decided to run for the seat in the Senate, she can advertise her campaign on print media such as Newspapers and Pamphlets. The reason behind this is that in this scenario she would need not to reach out to th e every single person of Alaska but only selected few. As a PR officer, we would first assess what kind of people we are targeting and then we can design and advertise the campaign accordingly. Similarly, since we do not need to reach out to everyone, we will not waste our property on mass media.

Saturday, June 8, 2019

Why did he write this Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why did he write this - Essay ExampleHe does not necessarily write this essay apparently to drum into its reader the importance of reading, which has been done many times and in many different ways, but to explore how reading shaped and morphed his life, and use this geographic expedition to project how people go close reading and what reading can be more generally, and hopefully, to have the reader examine their relationship to reading.The Lonely, Good friendship of Books takes on almost a narrative format, outlining the different stages of his life in terms of what readings he did and how he interpreted readings. He starts by talking about his upbringing, about how his parents interacted with their reading and how that affected him. He said that his parents read nothing more substantive than a recipe or a pamphlet, and believed that reading should be kept to a bare minimum, only extract the important information you need and then stop (Rodriguez). He then moves on to explain t he abutting step in his relationship with reading, and the influences on it. One of the major influences with reading was his mother, as mentioned before. When Rodriguez wanted to be a writer, his mother advised him not to, look that it would be a foolish financial decision (Rodriguez). But there were counterinfluences going against the influence his parents put on him, like an Old Nun who promote him to read, telling him that through reading he could access new characters and experiences that he never would have been able to imagine or live himself.This narrative framework, talking about his relationship with reading from a young age as well as the influences who affected his relationship with reading, helps force anyone who reads The Lonely, Good Company of Books to examine the own parallel happenings in their life. Everyone conceives of their own life in a narrative form, understanding how they

Friday, June 7, 2019

Equality of Condition Essay Example for Free

Equality of Condition EssayIn his book democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville provides a thorough study of the equation of condition as a distinctive feature of the participatory America and discusses some of the consequences it might take away. He begins his writing by introducing the reader that during his stay in America the equality of condition struck his attention the most. In America, the democracy has reached different level that has n ever so been seen before or experient in any of the European countries scarce that ar slowly progressing towards it. This level of democracy has created a beau monde in which all(prenominal) persons argon legally understood to be socially and policy-makingly equal. Despite all the benefits that the equality of condition flummoxs to the hunting lodge, it excessively tends to isolate quite a little from one early(a) and cut them off from the social beliefs and values. When this form of isolation is transformed into an ex treme form of individualism, it creates selfishness and egoism among large number.When these raft come together to form a legal age which in a democratic society enjoys a great amount of author, it might cause the tyranny of mass de Tocquevilles main concern. The concept of equality of condition is more complex than it first seems and a society based on this fact poses a threat to freedom. De Tocqueville argues that the influence of the equality of condition extends farthermost beyond the governmental character and the laws of the country and it has no less empire over the civil society than over the government, it creates opinions, gives birth to new sentiments, founds novel customs duty and modifies whatever it does not produce (Democracy in America Heffner ed., 26). It is important to depict from this quote that a society based on the equality of condition, supra all, creates the common opinion.In an equal society, the fact that all the members are resembled enables the m to trust and support the common judgment and opinion. Furthermore, de Tocqueville argues that all the inhabitants of the democratic society are independently equal and independent to each other but if one individual alone tends to contrast the totality of his lads, he will find himself insignifi fuelt and weak. thus in a democratic society, the public has, as de Tocqueville calls, a singular power where it enforces certain opinions and infuses such opinions in the intellect of their mind.Considering that in a democratic society, it is the majority that takes decisions, the public opinion will then deform the law creating political omnipotence. Therefore, de Tocqueville claims that in the US the majority comes up with opinions and the individuals although they develop their ain thoughts have to adopt those that the majority offers since they, alone, are unable to contrast them. This, in turn, discourages and in a way prohibits them from developing their have got intellectual t houghts. Thus, the equality of condition that gives uprising to the majority opinion poses a great threat to the individual freedom of thought.During his stay in America, de Tocqueville discovered that the American mess appeal only to their own individual effort of its own understanding. He has found that in America the tie which unites generation is broken and that nobody traces or cares about the ideas of their forefathers. In a society where everybody is equal and classes tend to disappear, no man can have an intellectual influence in the mind of another man since nobody looks at his fellows as being superior. Therefore, de Tocqueville argues that in a society based on the equality of condition, not only the trust of one man on another is destroyed but also the intellectual representation on any man.In absence of such intellectual authority, people develop their own believes and judgments at bottom themselves different from the rest of the society. In the absence of an intell ectual trustworthy authority capable of imposing social beliefs and values, people are left to seek the fairness alone and when they fail to do so or such truth is against their personal judgment, they simply ignore it. Thus, an equally conditioned society tends to isolate people from one another and cut them off from a common set of social beliefs and values.This isolation that results from the equality of condition has dangerous consequences if it reaches extreme levels which de Tocqueville calls individualism. As a result of the individualism, the selfishness and the egoism of people will be born. The egoism and selfishness cause people in this society to develop a love for material atonement a love for richness. They want to acquire everything for themselves even if it is done in the expense of other people. Furthermore, according to de Tocqueville, these individuals do not change their character as they unite with each other or grow in number. In fact, they tend to enforce th ose selfish opinions but on a greater scale.The majority they create will then act as one selfish individual and in a pure democratic society is given the power to make laws and take decisions on behalf of everybody. Therefore, such a majority consisting of egoist people who fulfill their needs and greed in the expense of the other people composing a minority creates the tyranny of majority. In a democratic society, the ultimate reason that the tyranny of majority occurs, is the individualism which separates people from each other and from the social values and beliefs and allows people to establish selfish opinions that hurt the other people. Therefore, de Tocqueville argues that the establishment of family, religion and nationalism are necessary protections against such tyranny because they incur people together and enforce on them social and deterrent example values.Families bind people together and connect them with each other. Members of the family are taught to sacrifice so me of their personal gratification for his ancestors and descendants. Therefore, the establishments of families attempt to fight the selfishness that individualism has created. The members of the family in their childhood are taught morals and social values. The elderly in the family can influence the young ones because they are perceived to have some intellectual authority. Therefore, the family brings people close to each other, where one member of the family cares about the others, and to the social values avoiding the isolation. Patriotism also fights the selfishness and brings people together. De Tocqueville sees patriotism as one citizen making a personal sacrifice for the greater welfare of the public.He also argues that in a patriotic society people do not fail to faithfully support each other. A patriotic person believes that it is his duty to make himself useful to other fellow citizens. Therefore, patriotism also creates a strong community where the members care about one another. It breaks the isolation and consequently the individualism that the equality of condition creates. Religion also brings people close to each other and to the social and moral values. De Tocqueville argues that every religion places the object of mens desire above any financial officer in the earth. Every religion imposes duties on men towards his fellow citizens and draws him away from the contemplation of himself.Furthermore, the main concern of religion is to purify and restrict the excessive and grievous bodily harm taste for well being which men in the periods of equality wishes. Man cannot be cured by the love of the riches but they may be persuaded to enrich themselves by none but honest means (Democracy in America Heffner ed., 152). Thus, religion serves as a superior intellectual authority which brings people together to each other and also enforces on them moral values that people abide to. In essence it fights both the isolation and the selfishness of people. T he family, patriotism and religion fulfill the absence of a superior intellectual authority, create a strong community and bring people close to the social and moral values which lack in an egalitarian society.De Tocqueville emphasizes the importance of associations in a democratic society. In his opinion an association consists of a group people unite by a common interest and who agree to promote their ideas in a certain manner. Simply, associations guide a group of people with divergent minds towards achieving a specific end. In order for an association to exist it has to have the liberty to create an opinion and the freedom to meet which a democratic society grants to them. De Tocqueville distinguishes in the midst of two types of associations the political association and the polite association. The political association besides having the two liberties mentioned above, they also have the liberty to unite into electoral bodies and chose their representatives. A political asso ciation acts as a government within a government where the delegates of the association represent the collective force of their party just like the delegates of the majority.The civic associations include a large number of organizations starting from building inns, churches, schools and hospitals. While the political associations have one major goal that they try to achieve by electing delegates the civic associations are less formal, include a larger number and attempt to improve the social life in the society. Political associations are sometimes used to organize revolutions like those in Europe whereas the civic associations are voluntarily created and peaceful in their nature. The political associations are similar to the political parties today who elect their delegates and compete for offices. The civic associations are very similar to the interest groups where a group of people form an organization and express their point of look out in certain issues and attempt to influe nce those who already occupy offices. The civic associations like the interest groups include a greater variety of interests.De Tocqueville goes further to argue that the political and civic associations are necessary to retain an active community life in a democratic society. De Tocqueville argues that in a democratic society all the citizens are independent and feeble and they, alone, cannot do anything and cannot oblige another person to assist them. They all become powerless if they do not look into to help each other voluntarily. If they do not form associations, which are simply artificial ways of binding people, they might preserve their wealth but their independence as well as their civilization will be in jeopardy. Furthermore, in a democratic society, as I have discussed earlier, people tend to get isolated from tone another. Therefore, since civic associations are very diverse, they are necessary to voluntarily bring people together and create ties among them.Thus, they are crucial to retain an active sense of community life. The political and civic associations are very important in a democratic society in the attempt to avoid the tyranny of the majority. The minorities can create political associations and elect their delegates in order to right off fight the oppressive laws created by the majority. The civic associations can also be used by minorities to create a larger group and then together voice their opinion. The associations are also used to bring people together and avoid the creation of individualism which is very likely in a society based on the equality of condition. Political and civic associations are, therefore, necessary schools for democracy because they teach us how to avoid the tyranny of majority in advanced democracies.De Tocquevilles philosophy is still relevant for our own time. Nowadays, the political and civic associations play a very important role in creating communities. As countries become more democratic, the number of associations in those countries increases because people as individuals become powerless and they are unable to defend their beliefs on their own. Today, the political and civic associations are very common and much more active that they have ever been. The political and civic associations enable people to unite and become active members of the society. As people join different organizations, they agree to help and support other fellow citizens. People unite and form associations because they have strong feelings for a cause they fight although such a cause might not directly affect them. Therefore, political and civic associations tend to correct and remove selfishness from the people. The existence of a large number of associations is the reason why we have not experienced the tyranny of majority although a number of countries have reached advanced levels of democracy.

Thursday, June 6, 2019

Juvenile Probation Officers Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Probation Officers Essay all(prenominal) Juvenile Probation Officers (JPO) are required to complete 40 working hours per week following a waxy work schedule. JPOs are entitled to remunerative working holidays which includes, but are not limited to, New Years Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, working class Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Please note that in the occasion that the holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, another day off may be substituted, upon approval of the employer.JPOs may also be granted a holiday leave after six months of sustained service has been rendered. The number of vacation leave, however, leave behind depend on the number of years in service, with a maximum of 15 days for those having rendered at least one year of continuous service. JPOs are also entitled to family leaves in cases of giving birth or conception-related cases, adoption, care of new-born child, family illness, childs medical appointment of parent-teacher confe rence Health Insurance.All employees are entered in a group health insurance under a health maintenance organization (HMO) as approved by two-thirds of the mass during the General Assembly Meeting. The group insurance will cover hospitalization, health, long-tern disability, and accident expenses. Employer contribution starting January 2007 will be $557 per month. As such, premiums required for maintenance of the insurance, in excess of the employers contribution, shall be deducted by the state treasurer on the JPOs salary on a monthly basis and upon employees written order. seclusion/ savings plan. After achieving five years of continuous service, provided that the employee is 50 years of age, a JPO is entitled to a retirement benefit which will be computed ground on the employees age of retirement, length of service, and pre-retirement earnings. Employees may opt for a normal or early retirement, the latter, however, will deduct the accrued benefits for the years earlier to th e normal retirement age.The employee may choose to receive payment of benefits on a straight conduct annuity where the retiree will be paid on a periodic basis or lump-sum payment where the retiree will receive the full one-time payment and no further benefits will be given to the employee upon receipt of payment. Other options will be joint-and-survivor annuity where benefits are provided for married participants. The amount of survivor annuity shall be between 50-100% of the amount due for the time the couple is alive.The amount, however, will be lower than that received from straight life annuity. In cases where an employee become totally disabled or ill prior to his eligibility in the retirement plan, but has served the company for 10 consecutive years, he will be entitled for a disability retirement benefit, which he could bend or immediately claim. Life insurance. In cases of death or dismemberment of employees, they will be entitled to a life insurance benefit which will b e paid in lump sum following the multiple-of-earnings formula.Using this formula, the length of service and earnings of the employee will be incorporated in the enumeration and will therefore increase following an increase in employees salary. Provisions for the life insurance includes accidental death and dismemberment benefits to the employee or his benefactive role equivalent to the basic life insurance and a percentage of the life benefit for dismemberment monthly income to surviving family members of the employee retirement from work and reduction of life insurance for employees near or above 65 years.

Catch Me if You Can Essay Example for Free

detain Me if You Can EssayTheory q 325 Karla Pope Catch Me if You Can Catch Me if You Can is a movie based off the true story of Frank Abagnale, Jr, who mpersonated a locomote Am Air buffer, a paediatric doctor, and a lawyer, and accumulated over 2. 8 million dollars through these impersonations as wellspring as take hold fraud all betore his nineteenth birthday. The movie starts ott as a game snow where the con gametestants question three men all dressed as airline pilots, unrivalled of them being the real Frank Abagnale Jr. by dint of a series of cut sceens, we draw young Frank as a teenager sprightliness happily in a grand plate with his fetch, a French woman named Paula Abagnale, and his American military veteran father, Frank Abagnale, Sr. This appiness was soon cracked, however, as the family runs into trouble with the IRS, forcing them to move out of their home and into a smaller apartment. Paula, dissatisfied with her new life, ends up cheating on her husband with his best friend and take downtually filing for divorce. When she tries to redeem her son to choose betwixt the two of them, he freaks out and runs away.While struggling to live on his own, Frank runs out of notes, starting him down his path as one of the youngest con artists during his time. After getting turned down from the bank after essay to cash his very irst fake check, he decides to impersonate a genus Pan Am Air pilot, conning the company into giving him a uniform while forging his credentials and passport. After gaining too much publicity doing this, he ends up pretend to be a pediatric doctor in gallium, where he falls in love with a girl named Brenda, who thinks hes a doctor as well as a lawyer from Harvard.He ends up resigning as a lawyer to protect his identity after a real Harvard graduate at the firm started poking around into his background. He eventually is forced to run again as he realizes that FBI Agent Carl Hanratty, who has been chasing after him this whole time, is onto him again, escaping to Europe where he is eventually found by Carl in France, printing his own checks. After spending about a year in Perpignan Prison, Carl got him deported back to America. After try to escape upon short-changeing that his father died, he was caught in front of his mothers new house and went to prison.Eventually, after helping Carl with a check fraud case, Frank is transferred from prison into FBI custody to work under Carls supervision. When he becomes bored, he tried to run again, but nevitably returns after a confrontation with Carl at the airport, continuing to help pinch con men and check fraud with his experience. There be many theories in this movie, but the primary, main one that was obvious to me was shrewd Choice possibility. With Rational Choice theory is defined the view that crime is a function of a decision- making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential be and benefits of an illegal act. . What thi s means is that the criminal (or would be criminal) is faced with a choice due to the set of circumstances that he is in and weighs the ros and cons of an act that he/she knows is wrong. In this movie, Frank is faced with many choices due to different circumstances that all lead back to his first act of desperation. When his parents try and force him to choose betwixt them, he instead runs away, staying in a hotel as he tries to get himself together. When he runs out of money, he is kicked out, leaving him with a dilemma.How to get more money so he can live? There are many options open to him, but he chooses check fraud because not only does he see it as the easiest way to survive, but also the best way that he knows to get money. However, after his check is rejected, he turns instead to impersonating a Pan Am pilot after seeing one sign autographs to a small child outside the bank. After acquiring a uniform from the company by saying that he lost his, he forges his credentials and passports after he creates a fake, Pan Am Air salary check and successfully cashing it in.His need for money to survive on his own drives these decisions to act on these illegal activities, outweighing the cost ne will end up paying for committing them. crash of the Rational Choice Theory is whatever techniques the criminal learns and perfects to avoid detection from authorities. Franks first run in with authority is when FBI Agent Carl Hanratty tracks him through his forged Pan Am bills toa hotel he was staying at. In Frank and Carls first shock, Frank impersonates a Secret Service agent named Barry Allen (after The Flash) when confronted by Carls gun, convincing the agent long replete in order for him to escape.After his close call, he retires to Georgia, where he impulsively convinces the hospital and town that he is a Harvard medical doctor after meeting a new, young nurse named Brenda, whom he ends up falling in love with. The branch that Frank as assigned to was chief doct or of the pediatric ward, where they dont do much work. The motivation behind this was to get closer to Brenda, whom he had an attraction to when he first met her. His growing love for Brenda outweighs the consequences that come with impersonating a doctor, as well as the potential lives hell endanger under his care.He also passes the bar exam to become a lawyer after Brenda introduces him to her parents as such. He eventually has to run again, however because both the firm and Carl are putting pressure on him. He assumes his pilot identity again. In the starting signal of the film, with the game show, fake Frank 1 says that the reason he chose to pretend to be each of these professions was because he was young and needed money, and that, instead of actually nerve-wracking to legally go through the training to BE a pilot, doctor, or lawyer was because it seemed easier than to go through all that trouble.Another theory that I see present in this movie is Social Control Theory. Soci al Control Theory is when people commit illegal acts when the bindings of the society they live in are either weakened or broken. When we see Frank when he was ounger, he was in a good school living in a big house with his American veteran father and French mother. His father was a part of the rotary club and was inducted as a lifetime member, giving him majuscule status in the community. However, he had problems with the IRS, and was denied a business loan. This led them to give up their house and move into a much smaller apartment.While this isnt considered illegal, Paula, Franks mother cheated on her husband, Frank Sr. , with his best friend and eventually filed for a divorce so she could marry his friend. This was largely due to the fact that she was used to living a larger life with Frank Sr. nd when they were forced to move because of money problems, she grew dissatisfied. When Frank Jr. finds out about the divorce, they try to get him to choose between two of them, he freake d out and ran away. This led to the decisions he would make in the future as his need for money to survive increased. well-nigh other elements of this, mainly the self-control portion, is also seen in this movie. There is a scene when he is pretending to be a doctor in Georgia when a little boy with an injured leg is brought in. Since he hasnt the first clue as to how to fix the childs leg, he talks his interns into oing it by using the nomenclature he heard off of a medical tv show before running off and throwing up in the sink of the bathroom. It was clear that he knew his boundaries in this role and, instead of making it worse and possibly endangering the childs life, he had the people under him that actually had training in this fix the boys leg.One occasion that I could also see in the film was a form of Social Learning Theory. Social learning theory is when a criminal learns their merchandise by watching more experienced peoples actions. In one instance, his father was taki ng him to the bank and stopped by a tuxedo store. Even though the store was closed, his father managed to con the lady into opening the shop for them so that he could buy his son a suit to make him look respectable by presenting the woman with a necklace he had found outside in the parking lot.Frank tried to use this same technique later, the first attempt, trying to cash his first forged check, was unsuccessful, but his second, tricking a flight while pretending to be a Pan Am pilot, was successful. Another element of this theory is when he decided to impersonate a Pan Am pilot. He studied as much as he could about the paychecks a pilot received, how much they make, even anaging to get a hold of an expired FFA license from a former pilot he was interviewing for a school article and the check template for their pay checks .Elements of Neutralization Theory techniques are also in this movie. Neutralization Theory states that a criminal must learn and master techniques that modify t hem to neutralize conventional values and attitudes, which enables them to drift back and forth between illegitimate and conventional behavior. Some of the elements of this theory include respect and admiration for honest, civilian people such as baseball layers, priests, teachers, or in this case, fathers.Frank was always trying to make his father proud throughout the movie, sending him letter of his glamorized accomplishments, meeting his father for lunch in his pilot uniform, even giving his father an expensive car with the money he had earned. Another person he looked up to was Carl Hanratty himself. He called Carl every Christmas, seeming to look up to him as a father fgure, even though Carl was trying to apprehend him. He even placed his complete trust in Carl when the agent finally caught up to him and placed im under arrest.Another element of Neutralization Theory is when criminals of this nature accommodate to the same social obligations as the rest of society. Frank can be seen hosting a party at the house he lived in with many, many young, privileged people over, socializing with most all of them. There are also some small incidents of Social reception (Labeling) Theory in this movie. Social Reaction Theory explains criminal careers in terms of stigma-producing encounters. One such encounter is after Frank quits being both a doctor and a lawyer and goes back to impersonating a Pan Am pilot.He does a follow up interview with the former air pilot, and in this he learn that the press has found out about him and wrote about him in the paper. When he finds out they call him the Airway Man, the James adherence of the Sky, he goes out and watches one of the Bond movies in the theater. After this, he is inspired to go out and get an exact replica of the suit, even doing and almost exact impersonation of Bond in the film. This seems to boost his ego extremely high. In the end, however, he is caught by Carl in his mothers hometown in France and is conv inced to turn himself in.He spends a few age in Perpignan Prison before Carl comes to get him. He is sick due to the living conditions, and fakes a faint in order to get out of the tuck in cell and tries to escape. He is caught, however, and taken back to the USA, where, after two more attempted escapes, one where he is caught and the other when Carl confronts him but refuses to catch him, comes and works at the FBI in the check fraud unit under Carls supervision.

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Effect of Binocular Cues Removal on Skill Abilities

Effect of Binocular Cues Removal on Skill AbilitiesHow the removal of binocular cues affects males and females skill power performanceAbstractTo test whether skill ability was impaired when binocular cues were upstage, participants accomplished a roll-telegram undertaking under three different conditions. Participants released this task using binocular passel or with raft in their dominant or non-dominant eye plainly. As well as this, to test the hunter-gatherer hypothesis that females volitioning perform better than males at a the task as it apply near-sight hatful the sample was dual-lane into males and females. The results lay down that participants performance was consistently enhanced when they completed the task using binocular romance rather than monocular passel, however there was no strong difference embed in performance between sexual activitys. The results from this try out suggest that binocular cues do pretend an importance in performing skill ability tasks but this performance does not differ between genders. incomingNumerous research into vision has shown that individuals have binocular cues which allow them to perceive three-dimensional images and judge the surmount of objects. Due to the eyes different position on the head severally eye perceives an image slightly different in terms of its location, this is known as binocular disparity. Therefore when viewing an object the star combines information it receives from both eyes, it is this disparity which when converged together allows an individual to recognise depth.Studies such as Loftus, Servos, Goodale, Mendarozqueta Mon-Williams (2004) investigated the difference between binocular and monocular vision in various tasks that regard prehension. Their results found that binocular information provides an important manipulation in the position of the hand relative to target, this suggests that binocular vision provides information which helps individuals judge distance.Re search has alike found that participants are better at skills that involve movements of the body when they have binocular vision rather than monocular vision. Oliver, Weeks, Lyons, Ricker Elliott (1998) studied participants ability to catch a puffiness when using binocular and monocular vision. As expected, participants consistently performed better when they had binocular vision, supporting the theory that binocular vision provides an individual with additional information about distance and depth of objects.Research has found an favour in binocular vision in prehension and movement tasks, however the aim of this pack is to look at the difference between binocular and monocular vision when participants have to perform a task that involves them using a tool. A carry conducted by get wind, Begum, McDonald Trowbridge (2013) aimed to look at participants performance on task which involves them using tools. Participants completed a exemplification Morrisby Fine Dexterity Test , a modified Morrisby Test and a buzz outfit task, they completed the task with binocular vision or vision in their left or right eye lonesome(prenominal). Results found that participants performance was enhanced when they affaird both of their eyes to complete the task, furthermore, the binocular advantage was greater in tasks that required them to use a tool.It can be argued that research in to the advantage of binocular vision ignores the differences across genders. Abramov, Gordon, Feldman Chavarga (2012), found that previous research repeatedly neglects the idea that there may be gender differences in vision. Out of virtually four-hundred studies they found that only a small percentage of studies (23.4%) took in to consideration gender differences within their samples. Many other sensory modalities, such as audition, has found sex differences, suggesting that it is likely that there will also be a difference in vision.Abramov et al (2012) conducted research that found sex differences in vision the hunter-gatherer- hypothesis can be used to explain this difference. The hypothesis suggests that due to the different roles males and females had in early hunter-gatherers , males have adapted to be better at far-sight vision whereas females adapted to be better at near-sight vision. This is because in the past males were seen to be the more powerful gender so would take on the role of hunting possible prey, while females gathered food from nearby. It could be argued that this difference in early-hunter gathers resulted in a gender difference in terms of vision.This study will replicate the buzz telegraph task used in Read et al (2013) study in arrange to investigate whether participants ability to use tools is impaired when binocular depth cues are removed, as well as looking at gender difference within performance. This will provide advancements on Read et al (2013) and provide further research on the binocular advantage which occurs on tasks that requi re an individual to use tools. The study expects that overall, participants performance will be enhanced when they have binocular vision rather that monocular vision, moreover, there will be an expectancy for females to perform better than males throughout all tasks. methodParticipantsForty-one males and forty-three females students were recruited to take part in the look into. Half of the students took part as a compulsory part of their second year of Psychology, the remaining one-half were recruited by opportunity sampling.ApparatusA buzz wire task , based on a childrens toy, was used to complete the experimentation. This involved a wire (74cm) which travelled across a base (35cm). In order to make the test more challenging the wire was curved and adjusted to construct a three dimensional shape. Participants were provide with glasses which had one side blacked out with tape, the glasses were reversible so the same frame could be used for each condition. The time it took for part icipants to complete the task was timed manually using a stopwatch.DesignThis experiment used a within-subjects design which consisted of three levels. There were 2 dependent variables within this study, how long it takes participants to complete the tasks and the amount of time they came into bear on with the wire. The independent variables was whether participants completed the task using binocular vision or with vision in either their dominant or non-dominant eye. The experiment was counterbalanced to avoid extraneous variables, participants were randomly allocated to one out of a possible six orders in which they completed the task.ProcedureParticipants first had to identify their dominant eye before completing the experiment. To do this the participants had to hold their thumb at arms lengths and align it against a vertical line. They were then told to shut each eye one at a time, the eye which the thumb appeared most aligned with was classed as their dominant eye. later ide ntifying the dominant eye the participants were then told which order they had to complete the experiment. Participants then completed the experiment three clock, either without the glasses (binocular vision), or wearing the glasses so that their dominant or non-dominant eye was covered (monocular vision). The experiment involved participants guiding the wire loop around the complex track trying to be streamlined but accurate. Each time the participant came into contact with the track a buzzing sound occurred, indicating that the participant had make one error.ResultsEach participant produced a total of six scores, three scores represent how long it took the participant to complete the task (time score) and a score of how many times they came into contact with the wire (buzz score) for each of the three levels. All participants scores where then combined together to produce an average time and buzz score for each of the three levels. These averages are represented in figure 1 and figure 2. bode 1 Participants typify and (standard deviation) of how long to complete the buzz wire task in secondsFigure 2 Participant mean (standard deviation) for the amount of times participant came into contact with wireA paired samples t-test was conducted to test whether there was a difference between participants performance when using their dominant and non-dominant eye in how long it took them to complete the task. The t-test found no significant difference in how long it took participants to complete the experiment, t (83) = 1.010, p = .316, suggesting that no matter which eye they used it had no effect on how long it took them to complete the task. As there was no difference found, participants times score on the dominant eye and non-dominant eye condition were combined together to produce an overall monocular time score. This times score had a mean (standard deviation) of 40.33 (19.35).However, a paired samples t-test did find a significant difference between the amoun t of times participants came into contact with the wire when using their dominant and non-dominant eye, t (83) = 2.313, p = .023., this suggest that participants came into contact with the wire significantly more when using their non-dominant eye rather than their dominant eye.To test whether participants performance was impaired when binocular depth cues were removed a t-test was conducted between participants buzz score in the binocular condition and their buzz score when using their dominant eye t (83) = 11.580, p t (83), 13.183, p A significant difference was also found when comparing participants time score in the monocular and binocular condition, t (83) = 7.069, p In order to see how much improvement participants made when using binocular vision rather than monocular vision a ratio was calculated. To do this each condition was divided by one another. The ratios found that in the binocular task participants on average were 1.4 times more quicker at completing the task in the m onocular condition. They also made 2.6 times more errors when using their dominant eye rather than both eyes and made 2.9 times more errors when using their non-dominant eye rather than both eyes.The data file was then divided into males and females in order to test for any gender differences in their performance throughout the study, the pith and standard deviation are shown in table 1 and table 2. To test for any significant difference numerous independent t-test were performed. No significant difference was found when comparing males and females time score when they completed the task using only monocular vision, t (82) = .419, p = .676. Similarly, no significant difference was found between genders time score in the binocular condition t (82) = 1.744, p = .085. Suggesting it took males and females the same amount of time to complete the task.Moreover, there was no gender difference found when comparing participants buzz scores in the binocular condition, t (82) = .961, p = .340 , the dominant eye condition t (82) = .280, p = .780 or the non- dominant eye condition t (82) = 1.047, p = .298. From this we can assume that there was no gender difference in performance throughout the good experiment.Table 1 Mean and standard deviation on how long it took males and females complete the experiment in seconds with monocular and binocular vision.Table 2 Mean and standard deviation of how many times male and female participants came in to contact with the wire in each of the conditions.DiscussionAs results found that performance was consistently enhanced when using binocular vision rather than monocular vision, it supports the hypothesis that an individual skill ability is impaired when depth cues are removed. This is consistent with Read et al (2013) who also found a greater advantage when using binocular vision in terms of the the number of errors made and the time taken to complete the experiment. Similarly, this experiment found that participants took the same a mount of time in completing the experiment, irrespective to whether they used their dominant or non-dominant eye to complete the experiment. However, unlike the results of Read et al (2013) this experiment found a significant difference between participants performance in the non-dominant eye and dominant eye conditions in the amount of times they came into contact with the wire.This difference found between these experiments could be due to the different methodological measures that were use. Read et al (2013), timed how long the participants wire hoop came into contact with the wire whereas in this experiment the amount of times the participant made the spicy buzz was recorded. Measuring the amount of times the participant made the game buzz can be criticised for being subjective. This is because what is classified as one buzz can differ between experimenters or across participants. To minimize the subjectivity of this experiment if it was to be replicated it could adopt methods used in the Read et al (2013) study by timing how long the participant stayed in contact with the wire.Furthermore, where this experiment found that participants were 1.4 times quicker at completing the task when using both eyes rather than one eye, Read et al (2013) found that participants were only 0.3 times faster in their experiment. This suggests that their experiment found a smaller binocular advantage. This difference may be due to the different participants used in these experiments. Read et al (2013) used participants from a large range of ages (seven to eighty-two), whereas this study consisted mainly of young adults. Previous research has found that there may be a difference in brain activity when being shown ocular information, Sutija et al (1990), suggesting that there may be a difference in the visual process individuals go through at different ages. If this study was to be replicated on participants from a variety of age groups, it would allow comparison to be made directly between specific ages, providing a more representative sample.The hunter-gatherer hypothesis proposes that female participants would perform better than male participants in this task as females are arguably better at near-sighted vision. However, results found no significant difference between genders throughout the entire experiment, this is unsupportive on the proposed hypothesis. To test this hypothesis further, an experiment could be conducted which measures males and females performance in tasks which involves recognising a moving object. It would be expected that males would perform better on tasks that involves identifying a moving object. Furthermore, to test the hypothesis, participants performance on a task that involves using far-vision could be tested, again we would expect males to perform better on this task.It could be argued that no gender difference may have been found within this experiment as a results of males and females adapting to modernised society. Males and females now have similar roles within society and so previous hunter-gatherer roles such as hunting for prey are no longer needed. Furthermore, it can be argued that the sample used in this study (students), would be very familiar with the buzz wire game regardless of their gender. Previous exposure to playing this game may have influenced their performance and minimised the gender difference that may have occurred.This study has provided further evidence and supported previous studies in the idea that binocular vision has an advantage over monocular vision. Furthering the understanding in the way in which vision works helps develop further treatment to those who suffer from visual impairments and allows psychologist to develop measures suitable for testing individuals visual capabilities. Learning the importance of binocular cues not only explain vision but provides further information on the link between what we see and a process of the human brain.ReferenceAbramov, I. G. (2012). Sex and vision 1 spatiotemporal resolution. Biology of Sex Differences, 3,1-14.Loftus, A. S.-W. (2004). When two eyes are better than one in prehension monocular viewing and end-point variance. Experimental Brain Research,3,317-327.Olivier I, W. D. (1998). Monocular and binocular vision in one-hand ball catching interocular integration. Journal of Motor Behavior , 10, 343-351.Read, J. B. (2013). The binocular advantage in visuomoter tasks involving tools. iPerception,4, 101-110.Sutija V.G, F. A. (1990). Age and binocular advantage A VEP assessment. Optometry and vision science official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2, 111.