Honey Pots and Network Security Essay

Abstract Honey pots are specially designed to attract hackers for gathering data and hence alert the observers, and offer them an insight about what the intruder is attempting. Honey pots decoy attackers to apparently exposed but well observed computer system to learn about the strategy and tools used by the hackers and to improve the system security accordingly. However, the system built-up with the good intentions may sometimes be used in foul applications. The paper discusses about the honey pots in detail. The paper provides information what are honey pots, different types of honey pots, advantage and disadvantage of using honey pot. The paper also discusses about the security implications of honey pots. The later part of the paper provides information about how to create a honey pot, implementation of different honey pot tools and finally explains how honey pots secures a system from hackers. Honey Pots and Network Security Introduction ‘Honey pots’ are not new concept introduced for network deception. The concept has been deployed since long back from the introduction of internet. Challenges faced by the technology are higher than the advantages reaped. As the technology grows, the need for protection from the negative impacts has increased tremendously. Security personnel’s are more considered in protecting the crucial data from the attackers. Researchers and security specialist have been using various types of Honey pots, since the inception of the internet. Like real Honey pots, that attracts insects, the technical Honey pots acts as an attractive target to internet hackers. Though honey pots are not the real solution for the protection of the networked system from the illegal sources, they probably help in detecting the invader and alert the net administrator for future protection. What are honey pots? Honey pots are a bait source, which act as a genuine target inventing ambush from the invader. They are a tricky system, which tries to lure an invader away from critical systems. Honey pots acts a watching dog and manages to captures data from the hackers. The system is usually stored with superficially valuable information, which is actually fallacious and would not be eschewed by an honest user. Thus, any access to the Honey pots is considered as hacker. The predominant purpose of honey pot is to divert the attackers, to prevent the actual system, and to gather information about the invader for future research and development. In addition, it is also useful in providing information about the modus operandi and the tools of attack. Honey pot is an information system resource and any kind of system can be placed within the honey pot. Standard production system can be placed under honey pot to provide hackers a feeling of real system. In general, Honey pots act as an effectual method in preventing the illegal measures carried out in accessing the significant information on the system. The noteworthy features of the honey pots are first, they are user friendly and extremely flexible, secondly, honey pots discover the invaders whereabouts and activities and finally they invite the most recent vulnerabilities to the system, which helps the examiner to keep him more updated and help in to build a strong network protection. Types of honey pots Research Honey Pots Research organizations, educational institutes, or non-profit organizations run Research Honey Pots to collect information about the tactics and motives of the hackers. These organization attempts to spread awareness of the threat and vulnerabilities created by the hackers in the real network. These are considered high interaction honey pots, which involve high monitoring process and gather numerous information about the intruder’s activity, the method and technology used by the invader in breaking the system and further monitor their activity for future research. Production honey pots Production honey pots are used in the organizations within the production network linked with the production servers to improve the security measures. These â€Å"low-interaction honey pots are easier to deploy and provide little information about the attackers unlike research honey pots.† (Andress, A.2003). Production honey pots are similar to the conservative methods of invasion detection method. They discover the malicious activity performed by hackers and alerts the system administrator by capturing minimum data from the intruder. Advantages in using honey pots Honey pots are successful in capturing invaders prying the system. Hackers can be easily distracted to system targets, which they cannot damage. This provides researchers enough time to probe into hackers details and to respond them. Finally, â€Å"this system allows the researchers to examine the hacker’s action and help them to improve the system protection.† (Wible, B, 2003). Honey pots would be able to accumulate considerable amount of data about the invader during invasion. They gather all the information about the illegal activities performed by the invader. Honey pots though able to collect only small amount of data’s from the invaders the data collected by them are of higher value. Hence, honey pots serves as an easier and a cheaper tool in collecting all the malicious activity be the intruder. Honey pot is very simple and easy to implement. It dose not involves any complicated measures like intricate algorithms, tables or signatures. It is cheaper and provides enough time to the administrators to research on the information gathered. Honey pots also avert hackers from entering the system, as hackers may be confused with the real system and honeyed system and thus stop entering the network to avoid wastage of time. Disadvantages of Honey Pots Honey pots are not highly successful in its application. There are no proper legal standards devised for using Honey pots. The operating system using honey pots are prone to severe attacks when the attackers are triggered by denial of service. E.g., a disturbed denial of service attack against cnn.com that came from US. A high level of expertise is needed to the researchers and scrutinisers to use the system. Moreover, Sophos, 2004 says â€Å"hackers can use honey pots itself to attack our own system.† Honey Pots and Network Security Honey pots gather only limited information, as they will be able to track only the attackers who invade the system and cannot capture any other information against other network. A Typical Model of Honey pot with firewall Honey pots are premeditated to imitate like the real system in which the hacker would possibly invade in to capture information, but actually Honey Pots and Network Security Types of malicious attacks prevented by honey pots Honey pots help in preventing the following malicious attacks †¢ Spammers in e-mail address †¢ Spammers in proxy server †¢ Spammers in SMTP †¢ Worms Security implications of honey pots Application of Honey pots in the system has numerous advantages. The most significant implication of Honey pots is that it reposes confidence on the hackers offering a false impression on the existing security system and prevents the likelihood of the attack or probe to the real machine. Often attackers scrutinize a large block of computers looking for fatalities. Even attackers focusing a particular company will scrutinize the openly accessible information owned by the company searching for a mechanism as a starting point. Honey pots reduce this possibility of an attacker selecting crucial information as a target, detect, and records the initial scan as well as any subsequent attack. Like other invasion detection measures, there are no bogus positive with Honeypots. For example, IDS products such as Padded cells take a different approach. It waits for traditional IDS to detect an attacker. The attracters usually create a fake positive to a considerable amount before attacking any system. This is because there is likelihood that valid traffic will match the characteristics the IDS used to detect attacks. In Honey pots, all communications are suspected simply because the device is used only for attacking hackers. Thus, Honeypots can detect more hackers than any other invasive device. Observers and event trackers on the honey pot detect these unauthorized accesses and collect information about the attracter’s activities. The purpose of the honey pot is to distract an attacker from accessing significant information and to collect information about the attracter’s activity, and hearten the attacker to reside on the system for a long time for administration to take action. This helps in identifying the active and passive vulnaberitalies, which attack the operating system by recording the attacker’s details. The details recorded are stored for a month’s time allowing the researcher enough time to probe on hackers details. Requirements to create honey pot â€Å"Honey pots, an instruction detection tool used as a target for hackers is usually deployed in a system, which can be either a Cisco router or Ethernet Switch or HP Jet direct card†, says Roger A. Grimes. To implement an Early Warning system honey pot needs to create an attractive information source on the port so that it would be more flexible to trap invaders. According to Roger A. Grimes, â€Å"to implement honey pot in windows TCP ports 135, 137-139 and 445 and to implement in UNIX / LINUX host and RCP ports 22,111 are required.† How to create honey pot? There are numerous ways to deploy honey pot in a system. Lance Spitzner says, â€Å"an old system such as Windows XP without service pack or Red Hat 9.0 or Sussex 9.0 can be made use for this purpose were a copy of default OS can be installed.† The invaders can be easily trapped to such a setup, as it would like real and not like a honeyed system. Though some people deploy honey pots in virtual machines, as it is quicker in gathering information, the hackers would possibly identify it. However, the best tool for tracking invaders is open source honeyed system. This is highly complicated but more effective method of intrusion detection. However, for an effective monitoring sebek can be installed. How to implement different honey pot tools? Low interaction honey pots can be deployed in the system with windows 98 or 2000 in shorter period. They act like a machine working for back office of the company and offer bogus services like sending e-mails in http format and in ftp, imap or telnet. An example of back office alert from hacker, â€Å"BO>host 11.11.11.1 New host: 11.11.11.1.41256 BO: 11.11.11.1>dir ———Packet received from 11.11.11.1 port 41256—— Error 65: The network path was not found opening file c:* ———End of Data———- Honey Pots and Network Security BO: 11.11.11.1>reboot ———-Packet received from 11.11.11.1 port 41256——– Naughty, naughty. Bad hacker! No donut! ———End of Data———- BO: 11.11.11.1>quit† (Source- Marcus J. Ranum, 2002) In addition, spam honey pots can also be used for trapping invaders. The operating system rather than implementing automatic mailing system can alter the delivery method to manual mode. Thus, all mails from the different sources arrive and the suspicious one drops in the spam mode. Hence, mails are only received and not replied. â€Å"Another honey pot tool called as ‘Netcat’, which is used for gathering information from the port. â€Å"E.g. nc – 1- p 80 > capture. Txt† â€Å"This honey pot tool arrest all the invasion to the port and send them to the output file and easily strap up into a .BAT file.† (Marcus J. Ranum, 2002). How dose honey pots secure a system? Honey pots by its implementation tend to track the I.P address of the invader and gradually prevent the network from the invasion of the hacker from that I.P address. This is done by using lots of deception method like making the invader wait for a long time in the system, making the windows size to zero etc. This is mainly done to baffle the hacker and to squander his time and resource. However, during this process the network administrator would be in position to identify the hacker’s movement and will have time to stop the hacker or to respond to the hacker. â€Å"Unlike other intrusion detection method honey pots do not spawn huge amount of data’s but provide little data with high value and trap all new and strange attacks such as polymorphic shell code, work in encrypted and IPv6 environments†, says Roger A. Grimes. Honey pots also acts as an exceptional event-reporting tool since they can be easily disconnected form online and taken for detailed study without affecting the ongoing business activity. Conclusions A successful deployment of honeypot would act as an impediment to the attacker from reaching the actual information meanwhile provides information to the network administrator to defend the attack and protect the system from damage. In addition, successful baiting would endow with information about the invaders activity to the defender thus augmenting the security procedures, which includes firewall and Intrusion Detection System. Honey pots have tremendous potential for the computer security community. Like any new technology, they have some challenges to overcome. Most likely, none of these problems will ever be completely solved or eliminated. â€Å"However, one can witness a lot of development on the subject within next 12 to 18 months as many new developments that help to address these and other issues are forthcoming†. (Piazza, P. 2001) Bibliography Lance Spitzner, 2002, â€Å"Honeypots-Tracking Hackers.† Roger A. Grimes. 2005. â€Å"Honey pots for Windows†. Piazza, P. (2003, December). A System for Bettor Security. Security Management, 47, 24+. Sophos Reveals Latest ‘Dirty Dozen’ Spam Producing Countries. (2004, September 4). Manila Bulletin, p. NA. Wible, B. (2003). A Site Where Hackers Are Welcome: Using Hack-In Contests to Shape Preferences and Deter Computer Crime. Yale Law Journal, 112(6), 1577+.

Psychological Theories of Delinquency

In his article, Kelley discusses the Psychology of Mind theory, or POM, which was created using the work of Banks (1983, 1989); Mills (1990); Mills & Pransky (1993); Suarez (1985); Suarez & Mills (1982); and Suarez, Mills, & Stewart (1987), which focuses strongly on original or unconditioned though, which is a though process that takes into account principles and reasoning that is automatic through common sense and positive thought.As well as reactive thought, which requires a deliberate thought process, and is a decision, which is made without taking into account consequences or considering other options (1996). Psychology of the mind theory proposes that the offenders percentages of responsive thinking versus conditioned thinking is that of which determines his or her level of mental health as well as their risk for criminality or delinquency (Kelley, 1996). According to the Psychology of Mind theory, juveniles actions are based off of how conscious they are of their actions.If a j uvenile finds them self in a situation and takes the time to consciously think about their actions, they generally act in a positive way. It is when a juvenile is in a situation where they act without thinking about the consequences where it is possible for a deviant decision can be made (Banks 1983, 1989). Kelley states that one’s level of insecurity directly correlates to their style of thinking. If an offender feels insecure in a situation and thinks reactively, they are more likely to think reactively and engage in deviant or delinquent behavior.Where as if an offender feels insecure in a situation and thinks responsively, they will be less likely to partake in delinquent behavior. Kelley points to the fact that one with a high level of self-esteem will be a lot less likely to make a decision that may lead to a delinquent act than one with a lower level of self-esteem based. This is based on the fact that one who has a higher level of self-esteem naturally wants to mainta in that higher level of self-confidence and will be less likely to partake in an act to jeopardize that level of self-esteem.Where as one with a lower level of self-esteem may be willing to commit a delinquent act to increase their self-confidence (1996). In a separate article, a study performed on one hundred and ninety-nine male participants and ninety female participants, all juveniles of which were incarcerated within a juvenile correction facility, Kerig, Ward, Vanderzee, and Moeddel examined the correlation between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the juvenile’s delinquency.In a related literature that assesses the effects of PTSD on adolescence, its author, Nader(2008) states, â€Å"Following traumatic experiences, a significant number of children react in ways that substantially disrupt or impair their and their family’s lives, their growth and development, and their abilities to function normally† and thus, unresolved trauma â€Å"may seriously derai l a youth’s life path; task, work, or academic performance; and well-being† (p. 3)According to Ford et al (2006), prolonged exposure to traumatic experiences has the potential to cause a juvenile’s brain exhaustion and a lesser ability to cope with situations. This in turn may lead to problems within a juvenile’s mental development, including lower self-esteem, self-respect, and interpersonal trust. A juvenile may engage in â€Å"survival coping†, which may include acting out, and other defiant acts, in an attempt to hide their inner feelings of despair.Juveniles then may progress to more aggressive forms and a lack of consciousness pertaining to the negative effects of the deviant acts that they are partaking in. According to Landsford et al (2006), after a traumatic exposure, a juvenile may partake in delinquent acts or deviant behavior as a way of numbing their feelings and attempting to get away from the awareness of their stress.The results of the study performed by Kerig, Ward, Vanderzee, and Moeddel (2009) show that juvenile males that were incarcerated reported that prior to incarceration they had experienced community violence, domestic violence, witnessed domestic violence, and had been effected by the death of a loved one. Thirty-six males had claimed to had experienced the death of a loved one, thirty-six other males had experienced community violence, twenty males had experienced domestic violence, and eighteen males had witnessed community violence.The highest reported traumatic experience from females incarcerated at the facility was that of sexual abuse, where nineteen females reported that they had been sexually abused prior to being incarcerated. Sixteen females experienced domestic violence, and eleven females experienced the death of a loved one. According to Wolf et al (2006), many adolescents already display risk taking behaviors and are more likely to partake in the use of substances or delinquent acts, because during this time you are in a transition from youth toward adulthood and are becoming familiar with your self.However, juveniles who have been exposed to traumatic experiences such as domestic violence, sexual assault, or other events that may cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, it may be more likely that they will partake in more heinous acts of delinquency or criminality because may have a lesser ability to cope with their feelings and may mask them through these deviant acts.

Amerindians essays

Amerindians essays In this study, I shall follow the protagonists on their journey from innocent people to people filled with hatred. I shall be primarily concerned with the responses, challenges, opportunities and attitudes of the Amerindians, putting special notice on how they were annihilated by the Spanish. The sources we will use we be short accounts by Bartolome de Las Casas and Bartolome Arazans de Orsua. The Amerindians were burned alive, hung, raped and eaten by dogs. The Amerindians noble and innocent characters led them to be abused by the Spaniards. The Spaniards greed was the true motivation that led them in the fight against the unarmed, pure at heart, Amerindians. Bartolome de Las Casass accounts began approximately one century after Christopher Columbus had discovered the Americas. He arrived at the New World for many reason in common with other conquistadors. Yet later changed his ways and became known as the Defender and Apostle of the Indians, the most controversial figure in the long and troubled history of Spains American empire. (Bartolome de Las Casas, Short Account in the Destruction of the Indies. Published by Penguin Books 1992. xiii) Bartolome de Las Casas did the only thing he could, he informed everyone in Spain about the massacres that were occurring in the New World. Bartolome de Las Casas was a great man with much valor and what he did will never be forgotten. Another source that historians can use to demonstrate the difficulties suffered by the Amerindians are the Tales of Potosi. Bartolome Arazans de Orsua wrote Tales of Potosi. He lived in Potosi all of his life and was a witness to all the massacres the Amerindians faced. In these tales we see once again the horrific treatment of the Spaniards towards the Amerindians. We can also see that the Spaniards were nothing more than greedy men with only money as their true motivation. The Spaniards use Gods name in their doings but man...

How to Start a New Semester Strongly

How to Start a New Semester Strongly Knowing how to start a semester strongly can be one of the most important skills to learn during your time in college. After all, the choices you make during the first few weeks (and even days) of a new semester can have long-lasting effects. So just where should you focus your efforts? New Semester Basics Get a time management system. Managing your time just may be your biggest challenge while in college. Find something that works for you and use it from day one. (Not sure where to start? Learn tips for managing your time in college.)Take a reasonable course load. Taking 20 units (or more!) this semester may sound great in theory, but it most likely will come back to haunt you in the long run. Sure, it may seem like a good way to improve your transcript, but the lower grades you might get because your course load is too heavy is a sure way to bring your transcript down, not up. If you absolutely must carry a heavy course load for some reason, however, make sure that youve cut down on your other commitments so that you dont put too many unreasonable expectations on yourself.Have your books purchased or at least on their way. Not having your books the first week of class can put you behind everyone else before you even had the chance to start. Even if you have to go to the library for the first week or two to get the reading done, make sure youre doing what you can to stay on top of your homework until your books arrive. Have some but not too much co-curricular involvement. You dont want to be so over-involved that you barely have time to eat and sleep, but you most likely do need to be involved in something other than your classes all day long. Join a club, get an on-campus job, volunteer somewhere, play on an intramural team: just do something to keep your brain (and personal life!) balanced.Get your finances in order. You may be rocking your classes, but if your financial situation is a mess, you wont be able to finish the semester. Make sure your finances are in order when you start a new semester and that theyll still be that way as you head toward finals week.Have your life logistics worked out. These are different for every college student, but having the basics like your housing/roommate situation, your food/dining options, and your transportation worked out in advance is critical to making it through the semester in a stress-free way.Set up healthy outlets for fun and to relieve stress. You dont need to have a Ph.D. to know that college is stressful. Have things already in place like good groups of friends, exercise plans, hobbies, and smart ways to avoid pitfalls (like knowing how to avoid test anxiety) that will allow you to mentally check out and relax when things get intense. Get information on where to go for help you know, just in case. When, and if, you find yourself juggling more than you can handle, trying to find help while under that kind of stress is nearly impossible. Learn where to go for help before your semester begins so that, just in case things get a little rough, your small speed bump doesnt turn into a major disaster zone.

Love and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love and Morality - Essay Example The story is based on two individuals who have different and separate lives but who have not experienced true love until they meet one another while on vacation in Yalta; this puts them in a state where they are obligated to choose between continuing their lives as they were before they met when they separate or find a means of exploring their love further, which leads to the development of an affair as both characters are married. It is through the decision to continue the affair that the story shows that true love cannot be ignored by those affected by it. The story brings to light the characteristic that true love is unexpected and cannot be planned ahead of time. This is seen in various parts of the story whereby neither Gurov nor Anna expect to fall so deeply for one another as shown in statements such as â€Å"A month or so would pass and the image of Anna Sergeyevna, it seemed to him, would become misty in his memory, and only from time to time he would dream of her with her touching smile as he dreamed of others† (146.) Gurov assumed that he would be able to easily forget the woman he met while on vacation once he got back to his normal routine but soon found out that this was not possible and to his surprise as time passed on he found he was still not able to stop thinking about Anna. This is seen in the statement, Both characters had gone to Yalta on vacation with no expectations of finding love but as a result of circumstantial meeting ended up finding an individual that they could see themselves spending their entire lives with. The correlation between love and morality also plays a part in the story as well; both Anna and Gustov married young and were in a relationship for a number of years before they met, but this fact does not stop them from falling in love. It is also seen that they are in fact not in love with their spouses when Chekhov states that

Then And Now How Is America Changing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Then And Now How Is America Changing - Essay Example The paper shows that racism in America has always appeared as a system. It is a system that has been supported by economic and materialistic conditions in places of work whether in blue collar jobs or in other forms of employment. The joblessness has also been reinforced by increased social isolation due to lack of proper education and other social supports. This, in the long run, condemns the unemployed segment into a vicious cycle that is not easy to break, which gives the impression that particular race is not fairly considered. America is one country that is very dynamic politically, socially and economically. Our main focus is economic changes that have happened in America for the last forty years and how these changes have influenced racial, sexism and classism. Many factories in America have opted for cheap labor abroad, which in turn produces cheap products that have ready market both in America and the world. The trend in racial harmony has been a function of the elements of tolerance and understanding that has been cultivated into the American people since the days of Martin Luther King Jr. In as much as the racial and gender divide has been bridged, America is today faced with a much bigger problem of economic disparity with 99% struggling as the 1% wallow in wealth. The economic divide so created is severe to the extent that poor Americans have opted to mounting regular demonstrations like the ongoing â€Å"occupy the wall street demonstration† and with these happenings a possible class revolution may be seen in the future.

Human Resource Management in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resource Management in Europe - Essay Example 1998; Roderiguez and Ventura, 2003). The difference in perspective on the value of people in organizations and the validity of HRM, particularly in non-Western Countries may be best understood in terms of the concept of locus of human value (Jackson et al., 2003). Jackson et al. (2003) came up with conceptual map of international organization and human resource management in different countries. HRM as a concept emerged in the mid-1980 in the US when two models-the Harvard framework (Beer et al. 1984) and the Michigan Model (Fombrun et al., 1984) were produced. Harvard model is also known as soft model of HRM / Harvard Map of HRM / multiple stakeholders model, argues that human resource policies are to be influenced by two significant considerations: (1) Situational factors: The internal and external environmental factor of the organizations that include (i) labour market conditions (ii) societal Values (iii) business strategies (iv) technologies (v) managerial philosophies and (vi) market conditions will constrain the formation of HRM policies. (2) Stakeholders interests. The stakeholders influence the short-tern HRM policies. They include (i) management employees (ii) unions and (iii) govt. agencies. Further, the model classifies HRM policies and practices in to four themes as follows: HR flows, Recruitment, selection, placement, appraisal and assessment, promotion, termi nation and the like. The Harvard model has existed considerable influence over the theory and practice of HRM, particularly as a result of its contention that strategy is the concern of management in general rather than a personnel function in particular (Armstrong, 1999). The Michigan Model has a harder, less humanistic touch, holding that employees are resources in the same way as any other business resource. They must be obtained (i) as cheaply as possible (ii) used sparingly and (iii) developed and exploited as much as possible. John Storey (1987) termed it as utilitarian instrumentalism. The hard model of HRM focuses on the crucial importance of the close integration of HR policies, systems and activities with business strategies on HR system to achieve the strategic objectives oh the organization. This model emphasized the quantitative strategic business aspects of managing the headcount resource, in a rational way (Storey, 1987). The Michigan theorist highlighted the followin g as being the most important HR issues to achieve such a match. Selection of the most suitable people to meet business needs, Performance in the pursuit of business objectives, appraisal, monitoring performance and providing feed back to the organization and its employee, Rewards for appropriate performance development of skills and knowledge required to meet business objectives. The essential features of their model are that it is focused on individual and organizational performance is based on strategic control, organizational structure, system for managing people concentrates on managing human assets to achieve strategic goals contributes to human resource